Induction and characterization of delayed‐type hypersensitivity to influenza virus in mice

Abstract

Mice infected with an aerosol of influenza virus or immunized with purified UVinactivated whole virus or viral subunits developed delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to influenza virus. The level of DTH was greatly enhanced when mice were injected intraperitoneally 2 days prior to immunization with 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. The reaction peaked at 24 h after elicitation, had the classical DTH histology, and was transferable by immune cells but not by immune serum. DTH induced in cyclophosphamide-pretreated mice persisted for at least 40 days after sensitization. DTH induced by deoxycholate-treated subviral particles (DC particles) or the matrix protein of the influenza virus was type-specific, i.e. DTH induced by D C particles or matrix protein of type A virus cross-reacted only with type A virus and not with type B virus. DTH induced by purified hemagglutinin (HA) subunits, on the other hand, showed subtype specificty. Thus, DTH induced by H A of X31 virus (H3) did not cross-react with PR8 virus (HO). However, DTH induced by HA of one subtype cross-reacted significantly with the variants of the same subtype. Thus, it appears that the effector T cells of DTH do not discriminate between the antigenic variants of influenza virus that are distinguishable by serology. DTH induced by purified, UVinactivated whole virus showed extensive cross-reactivity. This nonspecific reaction was shown to be due to host-derived material, the lipid bilayer. -The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice after infection with avirulent Semliki Forest virus

“…This might be related to the fact that not in all cyclophosphami de treated mice an enhancement of D H occurred. Potentiation of D H reactions by cyclophosphamide in virus infected mice has been described also by other workers (2,6).…”

“…A replicating antigen can be highly diluted before injection avoiding possible sensitization of mice with impurities (serum) h'om cell culture and immunogenie lipids, which may be derived from heterologous host cells (6).…”

Protection from Herpes Simplex Virus-induced Neuropathology in Mice Showing Delayed Hypersensitivity Tolerance

“…However, the application of this knowledge to experimental models of viral infection has been relatively recent (Liew et al, 1979;Nash et al, 1981 ;Schrier et al, 1983).…”

Influenza virus pyrogenicity: central role of structural orientation of virion components and involvement of viral lipid and glycoproteins

“…Purified viral pellets in 1 ml of PBSA were treated with an equal volume of 5 % (w/v) sodium deoxycholate (DOC) a~cubated at 37 °C for 5 rain (Liew et al, 1979). Some of the treated mixture was dialysed against three changes of PBSA over 3 days, the protein concentration was determined and the mixture was stored at -70 °C prior to the pyrogenicity assay.…”

“…Some of the treated mixture was dialysed against three changes of PBSA over 3 days, the protein concentration was determined and the mixture was stored at -70 °C prior to the pyrogenicity assay. The remainder was centrifuged at 100000 g for 40 min to pellet intact sub-viral cores (SVCs) (Liew et al, 1979) which were washed with PBSA before, being resuspended in approximately 1 ml of PBSA by incubation at 4 °C overnight. Aliquots (0.5 ml) of the supernatant containing the liberated surface glycoproteins were layered onto pre-formed 12 ml linear 20 to 60~o (w/v) sucrose gradients and centrifuged at 160000g for 18 h at 4 °C.…”