Induction and Repair of Damage to DNA in Cucumber Cotyledons Irradiated with UV-B

Takeuchi, Yuichi; Murakami, Mina; Nakajima, Nobuyoshi; Kondo, Noriaki; Nikaido, Osamu

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a028930

Cited by 72 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Photorepair of the lesions is strongly temperature-dependent, as expected for enzymatic processes. These findings are also in line with previously published results, in particular those of Pakker et al [9] and Takeuchi et al [10], as well as results for banana from our laboratory (in preparation).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Temperature-dependent formation and photorepair of DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation in suspension-cultured tobacco cells

Paulsson

Björn

2002

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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Two photoproducts of DNA damage, i.e. cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs), induced by UV-B radiation in suspension-cultured tobacco cells were quantified by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibodies. CPDs and 6-4PPs were induced in tobacco cells by UV-B radiation. Photorepair of CPDs was faster than that of 6-4PPs. UV-B radiation induces formation of CPDs and 6-4PPs even at 0°C, but low temperature significantly decreases the UV-Binduced (in contrast to UV-C-induced) formation of CPDs and 6-4PPs. Low temperature also retarded the removal of CPDs and 6-4PPs under white light, and almost no photorepair of CPDs and 6-4PPs was detected at 0°C. When purified DNA from tobacco cells grown in darkness was irradiated with UV-B, formation of CPDs and 6-4PPs took place at the same speed at different temperatures. It indicated that formation of CPDs and 6-4PPs induced by UV-B was temperature-independent in a non-cellular system. Based on our results for suspension-cultured tobacco cells, not only the photorepair but also UV-B-induced formation of CPDs and 6-4PPs are temperature-dependent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Temperature-dependent formation and photorepair of DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation in suspension-cultured tobacco cells

Paulsson

Björn

2002

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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“…These observations suggest that repair of DNA damage by photoreactivation would be limited at low temperatures. Similarly, a reduced efficiency of dimer removal by photoenzymatic repair was found at low temperatures in several biological systems, including a phrB mutant of Escherichia coli K12 (Dorrell et al 1995), Halobacterium cutirubrum (Eker et al 1991), cotyledons of Cucumis sativus (Takeuchi et al 1996), fin and skin tissues of Fundulus heteroclitus (Malloy et al 1997), and Palmaria palmata, for which photoreactivation effectiveness was almost negligible at 0ЊC compared to that found at 15 or 25ЊC (Pakker et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Ultraviolet damage and counteracting mechanisms in the freshwater copepod Boeckella poppei from the Antarctic Peninsula

Rocco

Oppezzo

Pizarro

et al. 2002

Limnology & Oceanography

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The process of ozone depletion over the Antarctic continent has resulted in the increase of incident ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation, whose effects may be damaging to living organisms. To counteract the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), aquatic organisms may display one or more strategies: (1) avoidance (i.e. deep distribution); (2) photoprotection through the use of ''sunscreen'' compounds, such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs); and (3) enzymatic repair of the damage. The effects of UVR were assessed on four populations of the copepod Boeckella poppei from Antarctic lakes using laboratory and field experiments. The results were related to measurements of DNA enzymatic repair activity and MAA concentration. This is the first study that combines these measurements in zooplankton. Boeckella poppei was highly tolerant to UVR (LD 50 ϭ 2.2-2.78 J cm Ϫ2 ). However, measurements of photorecovery (comparison of UVB mortality in the presence and absence of photoreactivating light) and dosage of photolyase activity indicated low rates of enzymatic repair, which may be the result of low temperatures typical of Antarctic lakes. Three different MAAs were identified, both in phytoplankton and copepods: porphyra-334, mycosporine-glycine, and shinorine. The population of B. poppei from Lake Boeckella had the lowest MAA concentration, as well as the lowest tolerance to artificial and natural UVR. These findings support the idea that UV tolerance in this species is related to the accumulation of MAAs. A comparison of the strategies used to cope with potentially damaging levels of UVR by different species of Boeckella indicates a high degree of plasticity in this genus, which has probably been key for its success to colonize a wide range of UV environments.

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“…Arabidopsis seedlings have been shown to rapidly eliminate both CPDs and 6-4 products from the nuclear genome via a visible-light-dependent pathway (27,28). A light-dependent pathway for the removal of 6-4 products has also been demonstrated in cucumber (29). The 6-4 photoreactivating activity is constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis seedlings, and the CPD-specific activity requires prior exposure of the seedlings to visible light for optimal expression (28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photorepair mutants of Arabidopsis

Jiang

Yee

Mitchell

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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UV radiation induces two major DNA damage products, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and, at a lower frequency, the pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidinone dimer (6-4 product). Although Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae produce a CPD-specific photolyase that eliminates only this class of dimer, Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, Crotalus atrox, and Xenopus laevis have recently been shown to photoreactivate both CPDs and 6-4 products. We describe the isolation and characterization of two new classes of mutants of Arabidopsis, termed uvr2 and uvr3, that are defective in the photoreactivation of CPDs and 6-4 products, respectively. We demonstrate that the CPD photolyase mutation is genetically linked to a DNA sequence encoding a type II (metazoan) CPD photolyase. In addition, we are able to generate plants in which only CPDs or 6-4 products are photoreactivated in the nuclear genome by exposing these mutants to UV light and then allowing them to repair one or the other class of dimers. This provides us with a unique opportunity to study the biological consequences of each of these two major UV-induced photoproducts in an intact living system.The biological effects of UV light have been extensively studied in microbes and mammals, where UV irradiation has been shown to have both toxic and mutagenic effects. The two primary UV-induced DNA damage products are the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and the pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidinone dimer (the 6-4 product), with 6-4 products making up an estimated 10-25% of all dimers (1). Pyrimidine dimers are known to inhibit microbial and mammalian DNA replication; they have been shown to act in cis to directly inhibit the progress of DNA polymerase, as well as in trans to inhibit the initiation of replication in both microbes and mammals (2, 3). Dimers are, under some circumstances, bypassed in an error-prone fashion, and this trans-lesion synthesis can result in the induction of mutations (4-8). RNA polymerase has also been shown to ''stall'' at both CPDs and 6-4 photoproducts (9-12); in the absence of repair, a single pyrimidine dimer may be sufficient to eliminate expression of a transcriptional unit. Because every pyrimidine dimer acts as a block to transcription and replication, any living tissue, even one in which cell division does not occur, must either avoid or repair UVinduced DNA damage if it is to survive.The CPD and the 6-4 product have very different structures ( Fig. 1) and, therefore, different capacities to form both accurate and inaccurate base pairs (13-15). In recent years the relative contributions of these two lesions to UV-induced cytotoxicity and mutagenicity has been the subject of debate and has been addressed in human and rodent cell lines through a combination of shuttle-vector studies and investigations into the effects of various repair deficiencies. Studies using shuttle vectors may not directly reflect the effects of persisting genomic lesions, because plasmid DNAs lack many of the qualities of genomic DNA, such as high...

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Induction and Repair of Damage to DNA in Cucumber Cotyledons Irradiated with UV-B

Cited by 72 publications

References 30 publications

Temperature-dependent formation and photorepair of DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation in suspension-cultured tobacco cells

Temperature-dependent formation and photorepair of DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation in suspension-cultured tobacco cells

Ultraviolet damage and counteracting mechanisms in the freshwater copepod Boeckella poppei from the Antarctic Peninsula

Photorepair mutants of Arabidopsis

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