Induction of anemia in goldfish, <i>Carassius auratus</i> L., by immersion in phenylhydrazine hydrochloride

Houston, A. H.; Murad, Ajmal; Gray, Jason D.

doi:10.1139/z88-108

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Postexposure mortality in phenylhydrazine-treated fish was 3%, well below the levels commonly encountered following intraperitoneal administration of, or immersion in, this hemolytic agent (Cameron and Wohlschlag 1969;Smith et al 1971;Chudzik and Houston 1983;Houston et al 1988). We believe that this may be attributable to the antibiotic treatment.…”

Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 67%

Changes in Erythron Organization during Prolonged Cadmium Exposure: An Indicator of Heavy Metal Stress?

Houston¹,

Blahut²,

Murad³

et al. 1993

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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1993. Changes in erythron organization during prolonged cadmium exposure: an indicator s f heavy metal stress? Can. I. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58: 21 7-222.Changes in erythron organization were examined in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed for 3 wk to 5, 1 5, and 25% s f 240-h Cd LC50. In a subsequent, more extended study, specimens were first rendered acutely anemic by immersion in phenylhydrazine HCI, allowed ta recover in Cd-free water or in concentrations equivalent to -5 or -1 1 % of LC50, and sampled after 2, 5, 8, and 11 wk. Total, dividing, and degrading or karyorrhectic cell numbers were recorded, as were cell length, one-sided surface area, and form factor. in fish exposed to -1 1 % LC50, total cell numbers and the incidence of cell division fell, while karyorrhexis increased, Dividing to total cell ratios declined with time; karyorrhectic ta total and karyorrhectic to dividing cell ratios increased. Variations in cytomorphology suggested slower cell maturation at both metal concentratians, Detection of heavy metal stress in fishes by this form of hematological assessment appears feasible.On a 6tudie les modifications dans l'organisation des organes 6rythrocytaires chez le cyprin dore (Carassius auratus) expos6 pendant trois semaines i3 des concentrations equivalent i3 5, 15 et 25 % de la CL50 de 248 h du Cd. Au cours d'une etude ulterieure plus pouss&e, on a d'abord provoque une anemie s$v$re chez les sp4cirnens en les immergeant dans du chlorhydrate de phenylhydrazine, puis en les laissant se r4tablir dans une eau exempte de Cd ou A des concentrations equivalent approximativement 3 5 ou 11 % de la CL50; on a ensuite preleve des echantillons apr$s 2 , 5, 8 et 1 1 semi. Le nombre total de cellules ainsi que le nsmbre de cellules en voie de division et de cellules en caryorrhexie ou en voie de degradation ont 6tk notes, en plus de la longueur des eellules, de la surface erythrocytaire d'un seul c6t6 et du facteur morphologique. Chez les poissons exposes h une coneentration d'environ 1 1 % de la CL50, le nombre total de cellules et lrincidenee de la division eellkalaire dirninuent tandis que la caryorrhexie augmente. Le rapport entre le nombre de cellules en voie de division et le nombre total de cellules diminue en fonction du temps; cependant, il y a augmentation du rapport entre les cellkales en caryorrhexie et le nombre total de cellules ainsi que du rapport entre les cellules en caryorrhexie et les cellules en voie de division. Les variations cytomorphologiques laissent entrevoir un ralentissement de la maturation cellulaire pour les deux concentrations de metal i3 l'etude. II semble done possible d'evaluer le stress en presence de metaux lourds chez les poissons i3 I'aide de ce type d'evaluation hematologique.

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Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 67%

Changes in Erythron Organization during Prolonged Cadmium Exposure: An Indicator of Heavy Metal Stress?

Houston¹,

Blahut²,

Murad³

et al. 1993

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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show abstract

“…SMR was comparable between the two treatments, implying that within the anaemic treatment group remaining erythrocytes in circulation are sufficient to support standard metabolic function, but all other measures of aerobic potential showed marked differences. Haemolytic anaemia has been widely employed in other studies on fish to address the consequences of reduced O 2 -carrying capacities (Smith et al, 1971;Houston et al, 1988;Gallaugher et al, 1995;Gilmour and Perry, 1996). Of these, the study of Gallaugher and colleagues (Gallaugher et al, 1995) investigated changes in respiratory character, and showed an approximate 70% drop in maximum rate of O 2 uptake (V O2,max ) when anaemic (10% Hct) and normocythaemic (30% Hct) rainbow trout were compared under normoxic conditions.…”

Section: Discussion Effects Of Anaemia On Aerobic Physiology and Avoimentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaemia adjusts the aerobic physiology of snapper (Pagrus auratus) and modulates hypoxia avoidance behaviour during oxygen choice presentations

Cook

Wells

Herbert

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe effect of altered oxygen transport potential on behavioural responses to environmental hypoxia was tested experimentally in snapper, Pagrus auratus, treated with a haemolytic agent (phenylhydrazine) or a sham protocol. Standard metabolic rate was not different between anaemic and normocythaemic snapper (Hct6.7 and 25.7gdl -1 , respectively), whereas maximum metabolic rate, and hence aerobic scope (AS), was consistently reduced in anaemic groups at all levels of water P O2 investigated (P<0.01). This reduction of AS conferred a higher critical oxygen limit (P crit ) to anaemic fish (8.6±0.6kPa) compared with normocythaemic fish (5.3±0.4kPa), thus demonstrating reduced hypoxic tolerance in anaemic groups. In behavioural choice experiments, the critical avoidance P O2 in anaemic fish was 6.6±2.5kPa compared with 2.9±0.5kPa for controls (P<0.01). Behavioural avoidance was not associated with modulation of swimming speed. Despite differences in physiological and behavioural parameters, both groups avoided low P O2 just below their P crit , indicating that avoidance was triggered consistently when AS limits were reached and anaerobic metabolism was unavoidable. This was confirmed by high levels of plasma lactate in both treatments at the point of avoidance. This is the first experimental demonstration of avoidance behaviour being modulated by internal physiological state. From an ecological perspective, fish with disturbed oxygen delivery potential arising from anaemia, pollution or stress are likely to avoid environmental hypoxia at a higher P O2 than normal fish.

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“…An alternative method which has been found to be effective is the immersion of the fish in phenylhydrazine solution (Houston et aL 1988). The anaemia induced by phenylhydrazine is haemolytic in nature and increases in severity until about 10 days post-injection (Smith et aL 1971).…”

Section: Induction Of Severe Experimental Anaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of experimental anaemia on CO2 excretionin vitro in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Gilmour

Perry

1996

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The effects of severe experimental anaemia on red blood cell HCO3 (-) dehydrationin vitro were examined in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss. After 5 days of anaemia (haematocrit=4.9±1.1%) induced by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, fish displayed elevated arterial CO2 tensions (anaemic PaCO2=3.19±0.42 torrvs. control PaCO2=1.35±0.17 torr) and a significant acidosis (anaemic pHa=7.73±0.04vs. control pHa=7.99±0.04). However, after 15-20 days of anaemia (hct=6.6±0.8%) induced by blood withdrawal, the arterial CO2 tension was significantly lower than the control value, suggesting that physiological adjustments occurred within this time period to compensate for the lowered haematocrit. Compensation probably did not involve alterations in ventilation, which was unaffected by 5 days of anaemia (anaemic[Formula: see text];w=786±187 ml min(-1) kg(-1) vs. control[Formula: see text];w=945±175 min(-1) kg(-1)), based on indirect Fick principle measurements.Potential adaptations to longer term anaemia at the level of the red blood cells were investigated using a radioisotopic HCO3 (-) dehydration assay. Owing to the difference in haematocrits, the HCO3 (-) dehydration rate for blood from anaemic fish was significantly lower than that for control fish following equilibration at the same CO2 tension. This difference was eliminated when HCO3 (-) dehydration rates were measured on blood samples adjusted to the same haematocrit, a result which implies that the intrinsic rate of CO2 excretion at the level of the red blood cell was not 'up-regulated' during anaemia. The difference was also eliminated by equilibrating the blood samples with CO2 tensions appropriate for the group from which the sample was obtained,i.e., PCO2=1.4 torr for control samples and PCO2=3.2 torr for anaemic samples; each at the appropriate haematocrit. It is concluded that the elevated PaCO2 helps to reset CO2 excretion to the control level, but that some additional physiological adjustment occurs to lower the PaCO2 after 15-20 days of anaemia.

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Induction of anemia in goldfish, Carassius auratus L., by immersion in phenylhydrazine hydrochloride

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Changes in Erythron Organization during Prolonged Cadmium Exposure: An Indicator of Heavy Metal Stress?

Changes in Erythron Organization during Prolonged Cadmium Exposure: An Indicator of Heavy Metal Stress?

Anaemia adjusts the aerobic physiology of snapper (Pagrus auratus) and modulates hypoxia avoidance behaviour during oxygen choice presentations

The effects of experimental anaemia on CO2 excretionin vitro in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

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