Induction of avirulence by AVR-Pita1 in virulent U.S. field isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae

Dai, Yuntao; Winston, Eugenia Michele; Correll, James C.; Jia, Yulin

doi:10.1016/j.cj.2013.12.002

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Disease reaction was evaluated 7 days post-inoculation with 0–5 rating scale where 0–2 is resistant and 3 to 5 is susceptible. Rice varieties with the Pi-ta / Pi-ta2 / Ptr genes were susceptible to IE-1K (TM2 lacking AVR-Pita ) and resistant or moderately resistant to the transformant IE-1K + AVR-Pita from O-137 15 . Note: M. oryzae races (isolates), IB-1 (15A6_3, 15L22_3), IB-17 (SSID116), IB-49 (ML1), and IE-1 (14A15–2), differentiated the Pi-ta -containing rice lines from the rice lines with Pi-ta2 / Ptr .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3a , resistance was observed for all six isolates. As a control, resistance was also observed when these RILs were inoculated with AVR- Pita -containing strains IE-1K (+ AVR-Pita ), a virulent strain that was transformed with the original reference AVR-Pita from blast strain O-137 11 , 15 . Rice varieties Pi No.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found no evidence that the Ptr gene may be involved in resistance mediated by other blast R genes. The fact that Pi-ta can recognize isolates with AVR-Pita (in O-137) 11 , 15 , and Ptr can recognize isolates with AVR-Pita haplotypes in US M. oryzae strains 12 suggests that plants have developed a fail-safe mechanism to activate ETI (Fig. 3 and Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The rice blast resistance gene Ptr encodes an atypical protein required for broad-spectrum disease resistance

et al. 2018

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Plant resistance genes typically encode proteins with nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NLR) domains. Here we show that Ptr is an atypical resistance gene encoding a protein with four Armadillo repeats. Ptr is required for broad-spectrum blast resistance mediated by the NLR R gene Pi-ta and by the associated R gene Pi-ta2. Ptr is expressed constitutively and encodes two isoforms that are mainly localized in the cytoplasm. A two base pair deletion within the Ptr coding region in the fast neutron-generated mutant line M2354 creates a truncated protein, resulting in susceptibility to M. oryzae. Targeted mutation of Ptr in a resistant cultivar using CRISPR/Cas9 leads to blast susceptibility, further confirming its resistance function. The cloning of Ptr may aid in the development of broad spectrum blast resistant rice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The rice blast resistance gene Ptr encodes an atypical protein required for broad-spectrum disease resistance

et al. 2018

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“…In each of the V. inaequalis secretomes the predicted proteins with similarity to AVR-Pita1 from M. oryzae may play a similar role to that adopted by both AVR-Pita1, and its paralogue AVR-Pita2, in the rice blast interaction [ 107 , 108 ]. Although the virulence function of AVR-Pita1, a putative zinc metalloprotease, has not been verified it is directly recognised by the cognate R gene product Pi-ta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the predicted secretomes of Rosaceae scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina reveals expanded effector families and putative determinants of host range

et al. 2017

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BackgroundFungal plant pathogens belonging to the genus Venturia cause damaging scab diseases of members of the Rosaceae. In terms of economic impact, the most important of these are V. inaequalis, which infects apple, and V. pirina, which is a pathogen of European pear. Given that Venturia fungi colonise the sub-cuticular space without penetrating plant cells, it is assumed that effectors that contribute to virulence and determination of host range will be secreted into this plant-pathogen interface. Thus the predicted secretomes of a range of isolates of Venturia with distinct host-ranges were interrogated to reveal putative proteins involved in virulence and pathogenicity.ResultsGenomes of Venturia pirina (one European pear scab isolate) and Venturia inaequalis (three apple scab, and one loquat scab, isolates) were sequenced and the predicted secretomes of each isolate identified. RNA-Seq was conducted on the apple-specific V. inaequalis isolate Vi1 (in vitro and infected apple leaves) to highlight virulence and pathogenicity components of the secretome. Genes encoding over 600 small secreted proteins (candidate effectors) were identified, most of which are novel to Venturia, with expansion of putative effector families a feature of the genus. Numerous genes with similarity to Leptosphaeria maculans AvrLm6 and the Verticillium spp. Ave1 were identified. Candidates for avirulence effectors with cognate resistance genes involved in race-cultivar specificity were identified, as were putative proteins involved in host-species determination. Candidate effectors were found, on average, to be in regions of relatively low gene-density and in closer proximity to repeats (e.g. transposable elements), compared with core eukaryotic genes.ConclusionsComparative secretomics has revealed candidate effectors from Venturia fungal plant pathogens that attack pome fruit. Effectors that are putative determinants of host range were identified; both those that may be involved in race-cultivar and host-species specificity. Since many of the effector candidates are in close proximity to repetitive sequences this may point to a possible mechanism for the effector gene family expansion observed and a route to diversification via transposition and repeat-induced point mutation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3699-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…It is unknown how many avirulence gene/R gene pairs could be involved in the resistance recognition process. When AVR-Pita1 was introduced into strains that were virulent on Pita containing cultivars, those transformed strains lost their pathogenicity on Pita containing cultivars [30], suggesting that one R gene recognized one corresponding avirulence gene to initiate the resistance response. If this is the case, then cultivar CO39 and lines carrying Pi9, Pikz, and Piz-t, would have broad-spectrum resistance to the US isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Resistance of US Rice Breeding Lines to the Rice Blast Pathogen

Feng¹,

Correll²

2019

Protecting Rice Grains in the Post-Genomic Era

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Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph: Pyricularia oryzae), is a ubiquitous disease that threatens rice production in the USA and worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective way to manage this disease. Multiple races exist in the M. oryzae population in the USA. It is necessary to know the resistance spectrum of rice cultivars to the prevalent rice blast races in the areas where they are grown. Twelve isolates of M. oryzae collected from the southern US rice-growing region were used in this study. The genetic diversity of these isolates was evaluated with genetic and molecular methods, and the pathogenicity to different rice blast resistance genes was determined by the disease reaction of two sets of near-isogenic lines containing one blast R gene per line. From 2005 to 2016, about 200 Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URRN) breeding lines have been tested with 9-12 reference isolates annually, and a total of 2377 breeding lines have been tested. The varieties with good resistance to rice blast disease have been identified. The results could be useful for the management of rice blast disease in the southern US rice production area.

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Induction of avirulence by AVR-Pita1 in virulent U.S. field isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

The rice blast resistance gene Ptr encodes an atypical protein required for broad-spectrum disease resistance

The rice blast resistance gene Ptr encodes an atypical protein required for broad-spectrum disease resistance

Comparative analysis of the predicted secretomes of Rosaceae scab pathogens Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina reveals expanded effector families and putative determinants of host range

Evaluation of Resistance of US Rice Breeding Lines to the Rice Blast Pathogen

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