Induction of Direct Shoot Organogenesis from Shoot Tip Explants of an Ornamental Aquatic Plant, Cryptocoryne wendtii

Abstract

Cryptocoryne wendtii is an important amphibious species with a wide range of foliage colors. Although it has a high market demand, the natural propagation of its aquatic species is limited due to the limited production on the number of plants with a long cultivation period, disease, and the requirement for a large space for propagation. Thus, we studied the effects of the plant growth regulators and their concentrations on the induction of direct shoot organogenesis from shoot tip explants of Cryptocoryne wendtii. The shoot tips were sterilized on its surface using 8 % Clorox® (5.25 % sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) for 15 min followed by rinsing them three times with sterile distilled water. They were again sterilized on the surface for another 4 % Clorox® (5.25 % sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) for 5 min. Cytokinins played a crucial role in direct shoot organogenesis. Direct shoot organogenesis from shoot tip explants was promoted by incubating these explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium [1] in the presence of two different cytokinins [6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) or Kinetin (Kin)], each provided at four different levels. Direct shoot organogenesis was induced in both explants. Shooting occurred 100 % from in vitro shoot tip explants, which was cultured on MS medium and supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP. This was significantly different from the other treatments with the highest number of 16.20 shoots per explant and number of leaves at 72.40 leaves per explant after 60 days of culture. Individual shoots, aseptically excised, which produced normal roots within 45 days on the MS medium supplemented with α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest number of roots per shoot and the longest roots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA (100 % rooting, which was an average of 36 roots per plantlet and root length at 26.02 mm). Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened and established in pots containing a mixture of organic soil and sand (1:1) overlaid with tap water under greenhouse conditions at 90 % survival. This complete study has successfully outlined a rapid, high frequency direct shoot organogenesis induction of an ornamental aquatic plant, Cryptocoryne wendtii from shoot tip explants inclusive of shoot proliferation, rooting and acclimatization. The present in vitro propagation protocol would facilitate an alternative method for rapid, large-scale production and germplasm preservation of this important endangered species C. wendtii.

Micropropagation of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) and comparison of phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity between pokeweed callus and other parts

“…A concentration of 3 mg/l BAP was reported as the optimal condition over other cytokinins for direct shoot regeneration of potato tree ( Solanum erianthum ; Sarkar & Banerjee, 2020 ). In direct shoot organogenesis of Cryptocoryne wendtii , shoot tips in the control treatment gave lower shooting percentage than treatments of BAP and kinetin, while the appropriate cytokinin conditions for direct shoot organogenesis was 3 mg/l kinetin ( Klaocheed et al, 2020 ). For direct shoot organogenesis of apple, appropriate types and concentrations of cytokinins mainly depended on genotypes and initial explants ( Magyar-Tabori et al, 2010 ).…”

In Vitro Rapid Multiplication of a Highly Valuable Ornamental Aquatic Plant Anubias Heterophylla

“…But in the present study, in A. heterophylla, a combination of NAA and BAP was found to be suitable for plant regeneration. The beneficial effect of BAP on shoot regeneration and proliferation and induction of multiple shoots was reported in other species [5,[13][14][15]. Some species may require a low concentration of auxins in combination with high levels of cytokinins to increase shoot proliferation [16].…”

“…Micropropagation is a common method for the rapid and large-scale production of many ornamental aquatic plant species, including some Anubias species, such as Anubias barteri var. nana [4], Cryptocoryne wendtii [5], Aponogeton madagascariensis [2] and Nymphoides coreana [3]. However, to the best of our knowledge, in vitro propagation of A. heterophylla has not been reported before.…”

The Comprehensive In Vitro Propagation and Genetic Homogeneity Analysis of Cryptocoryne crispatula var. yunnanensis: Addressing the Conservation Concerns for an Endangered Species in China and the Mekong Basin

“…Speci c protocols are employed for different plant species. For instance, in the case of Cryptocoryne, a disinfection process using NaOCl and mercuric chloride at varying concentrations and durations has been established (Klaocheed et al, 2020;Stanly et al, 2011). The successful cultivation of Cryptocoryne wendtii has been achieved by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, which has been supplemented with 3-4 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA or IBA.…”

“…The successful cultivation of Cryptocoryne wendtii has been achieved by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, which has been supplemented with 3-4 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA or IBA. For this species, this composition has been shown to promote effective shoot and root development (Klaocheed et al, 2020;Unal et al, 2019). Somaclonal variation in the process of in vitro plant propagation is in uenced by numerous factors, including the type of tissue being used, the source of the explants, the concentrations and types of plant growth regulators, and the duration of the culture cycle, which can accelerate the induction of mitotic cycles within a limited time period (Noceda & Steinmacher, 2020;Zeid et al, 2022).…”