Induction of Emetic Response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in the House Musk Shrew (
            <i>Suncus murinus</i>
            )

Hu, Dong; Omoe, Katsuhiko; Shimoda, Yu; Nakane, Akio; Shinagawa, Kunihiro

doi:10.1128/iai.71.1.567-570.2003

Cited by 89 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For example, it has been shown that different types of SEs have different emetic response activities in house musk shrews, although it was thought that there are no differences in the emetic response activities of SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE in humans and primates (18). In addition, S. aureus expression of specific ent genes may depend on the host tissue and may play a role in the adaptation of S. aureus to the host environment (4).…”

Section: Vol 42 2004 Simultaneous Analysis Of Multiple Se Genes 2141mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes by an Oligonucleotide Microarray Assay

et al. 2004

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Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are a family of 17 major serological types of heat-stable enterotoxins that are one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis resulting from consumption of contaminated food. SEs are considered potential bioweapons. Many Staphylococcus aureus isolates contain multiple SEs. Because of the large number of SEs, serological typing and PCR typing are laborious and time-consuming. Furthermore, serological typing may not always be practical because of antigenic similarities among enterotoxins. We report on a microarray-based one-tube assay for the simultaneous detection and identification (genetic typing) of multiple enterotoxin (ent) genes. The proposed typing method is based on PCR amplification of the target region of the ent genes with degenerate primers, followed by characterization of the PCR products by microchip hybridization with oligonucleotide probes specific for each ent gene. We verified the performance of this method by using several other techniques, including PCR amplification with gene-specific primers, followed by gel electrophoresis or microarray hybridization, and sequencing of the enterotoxin genes. The assay was evaluated by analysis of previously characterized staphylococcal isolates containing 16 ent genes. The microarray assay revealed that some of these isolates contained additional previously undetected ent genes. The use of degenerate primers allows the simultaneous amplification and identification of as many as nine different ent genes in one S. aureus strain. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of the oligonucleotide microarray assay for the analysis of multitoxigenic strains, which are common among S. aureus strains, and for the analysis of microbial pathogens in general.

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Section: Vol 42 2004 Simultaneous Analysis Of Multiple Se Genes 2141mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes by an Oligonucleotide Microarray Assay

et al. 2004

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“…Although a few clinical studies have attempted to correlate toxic shock and outcome with the presence of certain SEs in patients with S. aureus infections (Kravitz et al 2005;Ferry et al 2008), the contribution of these toxins to outcome is still unclear. With new data emerging implicating SEs in the pathogenesis of chronic allergic syndromes, production of monoclonal antibodies and vaccine strategies targeting SEs may be considered (Bonventre et al 1988;LeClaire et al 2002;Hu et al 2003;Kansal et al 2007) in the future. It is therefore important to characterize the prevalence of SE and SCCmec genes in clinical S. aureus strains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Superantigenic Toxin Genes Coexist with Specific Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Maina

Omoe

et al. 2011

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human disease in the hospital setting and the community. Superantigenic toxin-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is currently important for nosocomial infections and food-borne diseases worldwide because of its global spreading and difficulty in therapy. Superantigenic toxins can bypass normal antigen presentation and have strong T cell mitogenic activity, leading to massive release of proinflammatory cytokines and contributing to the severity of S. aureus sepsis. In this study, a total of 131 MRSA isolates from patients in the University Hospital were searched for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) genes and the staphylococcal superantigenic toxin genes by multiplex polymerase chain reactions. The MRSA isolates were classified into SCCmec type II (74.8%), type I (13.0%), type IV (3.8%), type V (2.3%), and type I and type II (3.8%). MRSA isolates (102/131) also carried a number of superantigenic toxin genes including staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst-1) genes. The most frequent superantigen gene profile (55/131, 42.0%) of the MRSA isolates includes staphylococcal enterotoxin C (sec), seg, sei, staphylococcal enterotoxin-like L (sell), selm, seln, selo, and tst-1. Furthermore, SCCmec type I or type II MRSA isolates more frequently harbor sec, seg, sei, sell, selm, seln, selo, and tst-1 genes, compared to other types of MRSA. These results indicate that the selected superantigenic toxin genes are linked to SCCmec type I and type II. The coexistence of these toxins and the SCCmec genes in S. aureus may contribute to the biological fitness and pathogenicity of MRSA.

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“…Uważa się, że najwyższą wrażliwością charakteryzuje się człowiek (6). Obecnie do badań wykorzystuje się małpy Macaca fascicularis oraz ryjówka domowego (Suncus murinus), ssaka należącego do rodziny ryjówkowatych (15,28). Wykorzystywanie małp wiąże się z wysokimi kosztami i pociąga za sobą wątpliwości natury etycznej.…”

Section: Aktywność Wymiotna Enterotoksyn Gronkowcowychunclassified

“…Prace przeprowadzone przez Hu i wsp. (15) na Suncus murinus wykazały znaczące zróżnicowanie efektu wymiotnego białek rodziny enterotoksyn. W wyniku dootrzewnowej iniekcji toksyn wykazano, że dawki indukujące wymioty u ryjówka domowego są istotnie niższe dla SEA, SEE i SEI w porównaniu do SEB, SEC 2 , SED, SEG oraz SEH.…”

Section: Aktywność Wymiotna Enterotoksyn Gronkowcowychunclassified

Production of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food

Schubert¹,

Krakowiak²,

Bania³

2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Gronkowcowe zatrucia pokarmowe Jednym z wielu zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa żywności są gronkowcowe zatrucia pokarmowe. Są one wywoływane przez spożycie produktów zawierających enterotoksyny wytwarzane przez niektóre szczepy gronkowca złocistego (Staphylococcus aureus). Typowe symptomy takich zatruć występują zazwyczaj po 0,5-8 godzinach od spożycia i obejmują wymioty, któ-rym może towarzyszyć biegunka oraz bolesne skurcze mięśni gładkich przewodu pokarmowego. Początek występowania objawów i ich charakter zależą od ilości spożytej toksyny i indywidualnej wrażliwości osoby. Ze względu na szybki okres rekonwalescencji i niezgłaszanie przypadków gronkowcowych zatruć pokarmowych dane dotyczące liczby przypadków tych zatruć mogą być zaniżone (21). Europejski Urząd ds. Bezpieczeństwa Żywności (EFSA) corocznie publikuje raporty dotyczące m.in. przypadków zatruć pokarmowych odnotowanych w 32 państwach Europy. W 2015 r. S. aureus był odpowiedzialny za 434 (10,1%) spośród 4362 zewidencjonowanych przypadków zatruć pokarmowych, z czego zdecydowana większość miała miejsce we Francji (91,7%). Fakt ten może wiązać się z wysokim poziomem spożycia serów przez mieszkań-ców tego kraju. Zaobserwowano niewielką tendencję wzrostową w porównaniu z rokiem poprzednim, gdzie liczba zgłoszonych przypadków w Europie wynosiła 393 (http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/publications). Schubert J., Krakowiak S., Bania J. Production of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodSummary Staphylococcal food poisoning results from ingestion of food contaminated with toxins produced by enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains. Common symptoms of this intoxication include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Staphylococcal enterotoxins are resistant to heat and a number of environmental factors. Certain cheeses, milk powder, and whey powder are the only foodstuffs that are being routinely examined for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA-SEE. The newly identified enterotoxins are not included in the current examination scheme. Enterotoxin-producing staphylococci were already isolated from meat, meat products, milk, dairy products, fermented food products, vegetables, pastries and fish products. It has been demonstrated that many environmental factors associated with food processing and storage can significantly influence the level of secreted enterotoxins by S. aureus strains. Nevertheless, only a few studies on the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins were conducted in foodstuffs. Most data on their expression is based on experiments performed with a low number of S. aureus strains, and usually only SEA-SEE enterotoxins are investigated. These results inclined many authors to the conclusion that milk and dairy products are unfavorable environments for expression of staphylococcal enterotoxins. However, recent research has indicated a significant heterogeneity in the ability of enterotoxin production in milk among S. aureus strains derived from diverse sources. S. aureus strains able to secrete high levels of enterotoxins in milk and meat juice w...

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Induction of Emetic Response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in the House Musk Shrew ( Suncus murinus )

Cited by 89 publications

References 30 publications

Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes by an Oligonucleotide Microarray Assay

Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes by an Oligonucleotide Microarray Assay

Superantigenic Toxin Genes Coexist with Specific Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Production of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food

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