Induction of experimental autoimmune orchitis by immunization with xenogenic testicular germ cells in mice

Qu, Ning; Terayama, Hayato; Hirayanagi, Yoshie; Kuramasu, Miyuki; Ogawa, Yoshiaki; Hayashi, Shogo; Hirai, Shuichi; Naito, Makoto; Itoh, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/j.jri.2017.04.006

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Immunecell infiltration had been described in dogs earlier and discussed as spontaneous AIO (17,19,30,41,60,93,97,105). Spontaneous AIO was also described in minks (106,107), mice (108,109), and rats (110). Although some authors report spontaneous AIO in men (111)(112)(113)(114), others question AIO in men and consider it as not established as a clinical entity (115).…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Immune-Mediated Orchitis Is the Major Cause of Acquired Non-obstructive Azoospermia in Dogs

et al. 2022

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Azoospermia, the lack of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, is the most common finding in infertile but otherwise healthy male dogs and represents an increasing reproductive health issue in men, too. The diagnosis can be further classified as non-obstructive azoospermia and obstructive azoospermia due to an obstruction of the deferent ducts. Although non-obstructive azoospermia comprises more than half of azoospermic cases in men and is a common cause of infertility in the male dog, knowledge of the underlying etiology and pathophysiology is still strongly limited, and much uncertainty exists about the true incidence and possible treatment options. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and characterize infertile canine patients in detail by combining results of andrological examinations (clinical parameters, semen analysis, bacterial examination of semen, and Brucella canis serology), endocrine analysis (luteinizing hormone, testosterone, estradiol-17ß, and thyroid function), analysis of the alkaline phosphatase in seminal plasma, and histological assessment of testicular biopsies of 10 azoospermic dogs. Our results not only verify non-obstructive etiology for 9/10 cases of canine azoospermia but also further identified significant histopathological changes of the testicular tissue with severely disrupted spermatogenesis, including fibrotic remodeling, vacuolization, Sertoli-cell-only syndrome, tubular shadows, and an increase of the interstitial and vascular area. In addition, three dogs showed local and six dogs generalized immune-cell infiltration, indicating chronic immune-mediated orchitis. Only in one case (no. 1) that no immune cells were found, and obstructive azoospermia was suspected due to low alkaline phosphatase activity. Furthermore, the detection of anti-thyroideal antibodies in two dogs indicates an autoimmune thyroid disease and a correlation between the occurrence of thyroidal disorders and azoospermia. Our results confirm previous findings and contribute additional evidence suggesting that chronic immune-mediated orchitis is the major cause of infertility in dogs. Further studies should focus on uncovering underlying inflammatory processes behind spermatogenic failure in these cases and identify possible treatment options to (re-)initialize spermatogenesis.

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Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Immune-Mediated Orchitis Is the Major Cause of Acquired Non-obstructive Azoospermia in Dogs

et al. 2022

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Immunological microenvironment in the testis

Ogawa

Kuramasu

et al. 2019

Reprod Medicine & Biology

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BackgroundThe testis is specific in that it produces haploid germ cells of which autoantigens newly appear long after the neonatal immune tolerance. Under normal condition, these autoantigens are protected by the blood‐testis barrier formed by Sertoli cells. Thus, the testis is an immunologically privileged site where haploid cells are protected from autoimmune attack.MethodsThe immunological microenvironment in the testis was experimentally investigated using mice and rats.Main findingsNot only the blood‐testis barrier but also various immuno‐suppressive factors are involved in the immune‐privileged testis. Indeed, germ cells transplanted into the xenogeneic seminiferous tubules could proliferate and differentiate with no aid of artificial immunosuppression. On the other hand, autoimmune orchitis could be experimentally produced by various methods of immunization with syngeneic or xenogeneic germ cell antigens.ConclusionOur results indicate that the testis is immunologically privileged but also immunologically fragile organ. Therefore, the dual nature is critical for immunoregulation of testicular function.

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Testicular Autoimmunity by Immunization with Testicular Antigens Alone in Experimental Animals

Itoh

2017

Testicular Autoimmunity

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Induction of experimental autoimmune orchitis by immunization with xenogenic testicular germ cells in mice

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Chronic Immune-Mediated Orchitis Is the Major Cause of Acquired Non-obstructive Azoospermia in Dogs

Chronic Immune-Mediated Orchitis Is the Major Cause of Acquired Non-obstructive Azoospermia in Dogs

Immunological microenvironment in the testis

Testicular Autoimmunity by Immunization with Testicular Antigens Alone in Experimental Animals

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