Induction of NAFLD with Increased Risk of Obesity and Chronic Diseases in Developed Countries

Abstract

The susceptibility of individuals to obesity has been reported in many developed countries with predisposition of humans to obesity associated with high calorie diets and unhealthy lifestyles. Obesity may closely be involved in cell suicide in various organ diseases with the importance of accelerated aging that requires early intervention with drug therapy to prevent diseases such as non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that has increased in children and reached to approx. 40% of the global population. Obesity is induced by various diets and lifestyle factors such as stress, anxiety and depression which are important to consider with the global increase in obesity and are possibly linked to the rise in individuals with brain disorders that involve neurodegeneration. Xenobiotics such as the endocrine disruptor chemicals that have increased in the environment in various developed countries lead to various chronic endocrine diseases as populations divert towards unhealthy diets and lifestyles with induction of NAFLD and obesity. The amount and nature of food intake that improves and increases liver lipid and xenobiotic metabolism in obese individuals have become important to decrease the risk for increased adiposity in man. High fibre or protein diets that contain leucine may improve liver glucose, lipid and xenobiotic metabolism and require further investigation with xenobiotics such as endocrine disruptors involved in appetite dysregulation and metabolic disorders in developed countries. The use of anti-obese drugs that reduce food intake and improve hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease has been assessed in obesity with drug therapy closely involved either in the prevention or induction of NAFLD and obesity in man.

Indian spices and Caffeine treatment for Obesity and Cardiovascular disease

“…The global obesity epidemic that was previously reported [1,2] is now to worsen with obesity to double in 73 countries around the world [3,4]. Improving the health of obese individuals by dietary restriction, anti-obese foods and increased physical activity [1] has not reduced the global obesity epidemic.…”

“…Sirt 1 mutations have been reported in obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and autoimmune disease [2,[19][20][21]. Sirt 1 is the heat shock gene [22,23] with its repression involved with dysregulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), natural killer cell activation and mitophagy [24].…”

Introductory Chapter: Obesity—“OMICS” and Endocrinology

“…This phenomenon haunts humans in particular (in comparison to other mammals) and indicates that the human genes exhibit malfunctions in early childhood, like mitochondrial apoptosis associated with an enhanced probability of incurring nonalcoholic fatty hepatic disease (NAFLD), as well as degenerative, detrimental diseases [4,5].…”

Heat Shock Gene Sirtuin 1 Regulates Post-Prandial Lipid Metabolism with Relevance to Nutrition and Appetite Regulation in Diabetes

“…Food restriction in diabetes is essential to maintain the hepatic metabolism of dietary fat with relevance to defective post-prandial lipid metabolism and to the global non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) epidemic [1,2]. Premature brain aging has become important with the development of Type 3 diabetesand Alzheimer's disease [3] that is associated with repression of the anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) relevant topost-prandial lipid metabolism, amyloid beta metabolism (peptide involved in amyloid beta plaques)and circadian rhythm abnormalities in the brain biological clock associated with the development of NAFLD.Nutritional interventions such as very low carbohydrate diets have become important to diabetes (Figure 1) to reverse defective post-prandial lipid and amyloid beta metabolism without atherogenic lipoprotein formation [4,5] with the prevention of accelerated atherosclerosis in various communities.…”