Induction of perineural invasion in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by circular RNA RNF111

Non-coding RNA as future target for diagnose and treatment of perineural invasion in cancers

“…To date, researchers have identified six circRNAs with significant correlations to PNI. These include circ-ring finger protein 111 (RNF111) in SACC, circ0009910 in CRC, and circ hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) in GC, all of which exhibit overexpression in cancer tissues and are positively associated with PNI [27,89]. In contrast, lower expressions of circ_001988 in CRC, along with circ_0086720 and circ_0065149 in GC, have been found to correlate negatively with PNI [53,60,90,91].…”

“…However, the impact of these circRNAs extends beyond their association with PNI; they also influence other clinicopathological factors. For instance, high levels of circ-RNF111 are indicative of an association with multiple clinical parameters in SACC, including tumor site, clinical stage, surgical margins, local recurrence, distant metastasis, histological subtype, and poorer OS [27]. Similarly, in GC, elevated circ_0086720 levels are negatively associated with the Borrmann type, DFS, and OS, highlighting the potential of circRNAs as multifaceted biomarkers in cancer prognosis and as possible targets for therapeutic intervention [60].…”

“…In SACC, the role of circ-RNF111 in facilitating PNI has been elucidated across various experimental platforms, including analyses of tumor tissues, cell line studies, and xenograft models. This particular circRNA promotes PNI by engaging the miR-361-5p/high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) regulatory axis [27]. In the case of SACC-LM cells, which are characterized by a high metastatic potential, suppression of circ-RNF111 has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and reduce the cells' invasive capabilities towards neuronal BV2 cells, a hallmark characteristic of PNI.…”

“…Alterations in the expression patterns or mutations of ncRNAs have been associated with a variety of cancers, positioning them as promising biomarkers and targets for diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics [25,26]. Among the ncRNAs, miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA have garnered significant interest due to their established connection with PNI [9,15,27]. This review aims to elucidate the roles and mechanisms of ncRNAs in PNI, an endeavor that holds promise for refining cancer staging approaches, introducing novel therapeutic techniques, and potentially catalyzing a shift in the clinical management of patients.…”