Induction of Thioredoxin Is Required for Nodule Development to Reduce Reactive Oxygen Species Levels in Soybean Roots

Lee, Mi-Young; Shin, Kihye; Kim, Yun‐Kyoung; Suh, Ji-Yeon; Gu, Young-Yun; Kim, Miran; Hur, Yoon-Sun; Son, Ora; Kim, Jin-Sun; Song, Eun-Sook; Lee, Myeong‐Sok; Nam, Kee‐Hyun; Hwang, Keum Hee; Sung, Mi‐Kyung; Kim, Ho-Jung; Chun, Jong-Yoon; Park, Miey; Ahn, Tae In; Hong, Choo Bong; Lee, Suk-Ha; Park, Hong Jae; Park, Jong-Sug; Verma, Desh Pal S.; Cheon, Choong-Ill

doi:10.1104/pp.105.067884

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In legume roots, antioxidant proteins such as SOD, CAT and thioredoxin play an important role during nodule formation and show increased expression in nodules necessary for lowering the reactive oxygen species levels (Lee et al, 2005). A reduced expression of the thioredoxin gene via RNA interference resulted in impaired nodule formation (Lee et al, 2005). Similar to root nodules, where the symbiotic relationships occurs between bacteria and plant, preserved antioxidant genes of Symbiodinium suggest that perhaps these antioxidants are important in the establishment of coral-algal symbiosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Trx enzymes in the chloroplast regulate the activity of photosynthetic enzymes via ferreodoxin-thioredoxin reductase (Arnér and Holmgren, 2000). In legume roots, antioxidant proteins such as SOD, CAT and thioredoxin play an important role during nodule formation and show increased expression in nodules necessary for lowering the reactive oxygen species levels (Lee et al, 2005). A reduced expression of the thioredoxin gene via RNA interference resulted in impaired nodule formation (Lee et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unfolding the secrets of coral–algal symbiosis

et al. 2014

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Dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium form a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with reefbuilding corals. Here we applied massively parallel Illumina sequencing to assess genetic similarity and diversity among four phylogenetically diverse dinoflagellate clades (A, B, C and D) that are commonly associated with corals. We obtained more than 30 000 predicted genes for each Symbiodinium clade, with a majority of the aligned transcripts corresponding to sequence data sets of symbiotic dinoflagellates and o2% of sequences having bacterial or other foreign origin. We report 1053 genes, orthologous among four Symbiodinium clades, that share a high level of sequence identity to known proteins from the SwissProt (SP) database. Approximately 80% of the transcripts aligning to the 1053 SP genes were unique to Symbiodinium species and did not align to other dinoflagellates and unrelated eukaryotic transcriptomes/genomes. Six pathways were common to all four Symbiodinium clades including the phosphatidylinositol signaling system and inositol phosphate metabolism pathways. The list of Symbiodinium transcripts common to all four clades included conserved genes such as heat shock proteins (Hsp70 and Hsp90), calmodulin, actin and tubulin, several ribosomal, photosynthetic and cytochrome genes and chloroplast-based hemecontaining cytochrome P450, involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophylls. Antioxidant genes, which are important in stress responses, were also preserved, as were a number of calcium-dependent and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases that may play a role in the establishment of symbiosis. Our findings disclose new knowledge about the genetic uniqueness of symbiotic dinoflagellates and provide a list of homologous genes important for the foundation of coral-algal symbiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfolding the secrets of coral–algal symbiosis

et al. 2014

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“…An N-terminal region of 250-bp sequence conserved in all three GmS6K1 paralogs ( Supplementary Fig. 2, dashed arrows) was chosen for the interference and introduced into Agrobacterium rhizogenes to form transgenic hairy roots of soybean (Lee et al, 2005) after being cloned downstream of a nodule-specific leghemoglobin (Lbc3) promoter. Significantly impaired nodulation was observed in GmS6K1-RNAi roots with apparent reduction in both weight and number of nodules (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GmS6K1-RNAi construct was transferred into the binary plasmid pCAMBIA1304 which contained 35S-GUS, and the resulting plasmid was introduced into Agrobacterium rhizogenes (K599) by the freeze-thaw method. Transgenic root nodules containing the GmS6K1-RNAi construct were produced as previously described (Lee et al, 2005).…”

Section: Generation Of Transgenic Root Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Interference-Mediated Repression of S6 Kinase 1 Impairs Root Nodule Development in Soybean

Kim

et al. 2013

Molecules and Cells

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“…2A; Lee et al, 2005). In a BLAST search with the GmBCH1 sequence against the soybean genome (http://www.phytozome.net/ soybean.php; Schmutz et al, 2010), we found several open reading frames encoding products with amino acid sequences highly homologous to that of GmBCH1; they were designated GmBCH2 to GmBCH5 (GenBank accession numbers are as follows:…”

Section: Expression Of Genes Encoding Putative Bchs In Soybeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Implication of β-Carotene Hydroxylases in Soybean Nodulation

Kim

et al. 2013

Plant Physiology

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Legume-Rhizobium spp. symbiosis requires signaling between the symbiotic partners and differential expression of plant genes during nodule development. Previously, we cloned a gene encoding a putative b-carotene hydroxylase (GmBCH1) from soybean (Glycine max) whose expression increased during nodulation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In this work, we extended our study to three GmBCHs to examine their possible role(s) in nodule development, as they were additionally identified as nodule specific, along with the completion of the soybean genome. In situ hybridization revealed the expression of three GmBCHs (GmBCH1, GmBCH2, and GmBCH3) in the infected cells of root nodules, and their enzymatic activities were confirmed by functional assays in Escherichia coli. Localization of GmBCHs by transfecting Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) protoplasts with green fluorescent protein fusions and by electron microscopic immunogold detection in soybean nodules indicated that GmBCH2 and GmBCH3 were present in plastids, while GmBCH1 appeared to be cytosolic. RNA interference of the GmBCHs severely impaired nitrogen fixation as well as nodule development. Surprisingly, we failed to detect zeaxanthin, a product of GmBCH, or any other carotenoids in nodules. Therefore, we examined the possibility that most of the carotenoids in nodules are converted or cleaved to other compounds. We detected the expression of some carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (GmCCDs) in wild-type nodules and also a reduced amount of zeaxanthin in GmCCD8-expressing E. coli, suggesting cleavage of the carotenoid. In view of these findings, we propose that carotenoids such as zeaxanthin synthesized in root nodules are cleaved by GmCCDs, and we discuss the possible roles of the carotenoid cleavage products in nodulation.

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Induction of Thioredoxin Is Required for Nodule Development to Reduce Reactive Oxygen Species Levels in Soybean Roots

Cited by 67 publications

References 47 publications

Unfolding the secrets of coral–algal symbiosis

Unfolding the secrets of coral–algal symbiosis

RNA Interference-Mediated Repression of S6 Kinase 1 Impairs Root Nodule Development in Soybean

Functional Implication of β-Carotene Hydroxylases in Soybean Nodulation

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