Industrial analytical chemists and OSHA [Occupational Safety and Health Administration] regulations for vinyl chloride

Levine, Steven P.; Hebel, K. G.; Bolton, Jpg; Kugel, R. E.

doi:10.1021/ac60362a024

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Samples were made by volumetric dilution in Tediar bags. Since the bags were used almost immediately, sample losses (16) were minimized. Sample flow rate and flow rate through the ozonizer were both set at 30 ml min-1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of vinyl chloride and related compounds by a gas chromatographic, chemiluminescence technique

McClenny¹,

Martin²,

Baumgardner³

et al. 1976

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of vinyl chloride and related compounds by a gas chromatographic, chemiluminescence technique

McClenny¹,

Martin²,

Baumgardner³

et al. 1976

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…On April 5, 1974, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued an emergency temporary standard reducing the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) ceiling for vinyl chloride from 500 to 50 ppm, and on October 4, 1974, OSHA issued a permanent standard reducing the 8-hr PEL to 1 ppm; however, the emergency temporary standard remained in effect until April 1, 1975 [Levine et al, 1975]. According to Union and Company officials, the ambient concentrations in the PVC, Vinyl department averaged 53 ppm vinyl chloride in 1973 and 40–50 ppm in 1974 until late 1974, when they dropped to less than 10 ppm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary artery disease and cancer mortality in a cohort of workers exposed to vinyl chloride, carbon disulfide, rotating shift work, and o‐toluidine at a chemical manufacturing plant

Carreón

Hein

Hanley

et al. 2014

American J Industrial Med

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Background We updated through 2007 the mortality experience of 1,874 workers employed at a New York State chemical manufacturing plant between 1946 and 2006. Methods Reassessed exposures to vinyl chloride, carbon disulfide, and shift work and categories of o-toluidine exposure were based on year, department and job title. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) compared mortality to that of the US population. Internal comparisons used directly standardized rate ratios. Results Hepatobiliary cancer mortality was elevated among workers ever exposed to vinyl chloride (SMR =3.80, 95% confidence interval 1.89–6.80); directly standardized rates increased with increasing vinyl chloride exposure duration. No increase in non-Hodgkin lymphoma mortality was observed with vinyl chloride and shift work exposures. Internal comparisons showed increased coronary artery disease mortality among long-term workers exposed to carbon disulfide and shift work for 4 years or more. Conclusions Excess coronary artery disease mortality confirms earlier results; further investigation is needed to understand risk factors.

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“…Teflon (PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene) and ALTEF bags are more inert but not very robust and also costly, which inhibits one‐time use Metal‐coated multilayer bags (Flexfoil, polyester aluminium, PEA, or Mylar) comprise a polymer layer combined with metallic film layers to reduce diffusion and permeation . These are also comparatively expensive. Nalophan (PET, polyethylene terephthalate) can be obtained in large rolls at relatively low cost and sample bags can be constructed at any sensible volume, which allows one‐time use and disposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile compounds released by Nalophan; implications for selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry and other chemical ionisation mass spectrometry analytical methods

Michalčíková

Dryahina

Smith

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Nalophan bags are commonly used to collect breath samples for volatile metabolite analysis. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from the polymer can, however, be mistaken as breath metabolites when analyses are performed by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT‐MS, or techniques that depend on a proper understanding of ion chemistry. Methods Three analytical techniques were used to analyse the VOCs released into the nitrogen used to expand Nalophan bags, viz. gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SESI‐MS) and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS). The most significant VOCs were identified and quantified by SIFT‐MS as a function of storage time, temperature and humidity. Results The consistent results obtained by these three analytical methods identify 1,2‐ethanediol (ethylene glycol) and 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane as the major VOCs released by the Nalophan. Their concentrations are enhanced by increasing the bag storage temperature and time, reaching 170 parts‐per‐billion by volume (ppbv) for ethylene glycol and 34 ppbv for 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane in humid nitrogen (absolute humidity of 5%) contained in an 8‐L Nalophan bag stored at 37°C for 160 min. Conclusions Using H3O+ reagent ions for SIFT‐MS and SESI‐MS analyses, the following analyte ions (m/z values) are affected by the Nalophan impurities: 45, 63, 81, 89 and 99, which can compromise analyses of acetaldehyde, ethylene glycol, monoterpenes, acetoin, butyric acid, hexanal and heptane.

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Industrial analytical chemists and OSHA [Occupational Safety and Health Administration] regulations for vinyl chloride

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Detection of vinyl chloride and related compounds by a gas chromatographic, chemiluminescence technique

Detection of vinyl chloride and related compounds by a gas chromatographic, chemiluminescence technique

Coronary artery disease and cancer mortality in a cohort of workers exposed to vinyl chloride, carbon disulfide, rotating shift work, and o‐toluidine at a chemical manufacturing plant

Volatile compounds released by Nalophan; implications for selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry and other chemical ionisation mass spectrometry analytical methods

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