“…(Ruggaber and Brembeck, 2021;Gonzalez, et al, 2017;Andrén, et al, 2015) demonstrate how various variants of Kalman filters can be implemented for state and parameter estimation, also exploiting the directional derivatives defined by the FMI 2.0 standard. The combined usage of Modelica, FMI and the scripting environment has been proven to be successful for optimal start-up of power plants in offline mode (Dietl et al, 2014). For rapid testing and deployment of the state estimators without any need for scripting environment, the estimation algorithm can also be embedded according to the FMI standard as a Functional Mockup Unit (FMU), as shown in (Brembeck et al, 2011), (Bonvini et al, 2014), (Laughman and Bortoff, 2020).…”