Industrial Silicon Solar Cells

Abstract

The chapter will introduce industrial silicon solar cell manufacturing technologies with its current status. Commercial p-type and high efficiency n-type solar cell structures will be discussed and compared so that the reader can get a head-start in industrial solar cells. A brief overview of various process steps from texturing to screen-printed metallization is presented. Texturing processes for mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline silicon wafers have been reviewed with the latest processes. An overview of the thermal processes of diffusion and anti-reflective coating deposition has been presented. The well-established screen-printing process for solar cell metallization is introduced with the fast-firing step for sintering of the contacts. I-V testing of solar cells with various parameters for solar cell characterization is introduced. Latest developments in various processes and equipment manufacturing are also discussed along with the expected future trends.

Melanocytoma of the Optic Nerve- A Case Report

“…A previous review of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for ONH melanocytoma has shown it to present as a domeshaped lesion, this is consistent with the OCT in this report, as can be seen in Figure 3, occupying the anterior optic nerve and resulting in the distortion of its features 4 . An important marker of tumor malignancy is vascularity, which is typically seen in intraocular malignancy 9 .ONH melanocytomas are relatively avascular and show hypofluorescence with fluorescein and indocyanine green 8 , consistent with the FA shown in figure 4 of this report. This is very important in distinguishing melanocytoma from malignant melanoma.…”

Multi-layer light trapping structures for enhanced solar collection

“…These encapsulations are typically used to protect the solar cells and improve their reliability and durability [22], where the encapsulating material in this work is determined based on the datasheet of the example cSi and aSi panels. To match the typical alkaline texturing process of commercial cSi solar panels, we use front pyramidal textures with a pitch of 10 µm and angle of 54.7° [23]. For both types of silicon solar panels, the absorber layer was back-reflected with a rear silver reflector (R = 97.5%).…”

Nanopatterned SiNx Broadband Antireflection Coating for Planar Silicon Solar Cells

“…However, to ensure optimum light absorption, the Si absorber needs to be thicker than 100 μm, as Si is a poor light absorber due to its indirect bandgap. [11] Micrometer-sized random pyramidal texturing is the industry standard [12] for creating effective light incoupling and path length enhancement in wafer-based Si solar cells and is typically performed by etching in a KOH solution. [13] However, for very thin Si (<5 μm) wafers, the volume of standard texture would be a significant portion of the entire Si cell volume, compromising the mechanical integrity.…”