Ineffective regulation of granulopoiesis masquerading as congenital leukemia in a Mongoloid child

Neonatal Leukemoid Reaction and Early Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in a Very Low-Birth-Weight Infant

“…A similar leukemoid reaction in infants was associated with maternal administration of betamethasone [2][3][4] and severe neonatal asphyxia [12]. According to others, induction of very preterm labor, fetal leukocytosis, and neonatal inflammatory disease occurrence may be untoward effects of cervical cerclage, due to chorioamnionitis and increased inflammatory risk [13].…”

“…Neonatal leukemoid reactions have subsequently been described in patients with trisomy 21 [2], in preterm infants after antenatal and postnatal administration of steroids [3,4], and in patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with a variety of clinical conditions [4]. The following report first describes a very low-birth-weight preterm infant who had a marked neonatal leukemoid reaction associated with development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.…”

Megakaryocytic Phagocytosis in a Chromosomally Normal Neonate with Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder

“…The pathogenesis of TMD is not known. Two opposing theories to explain TMD are the transient immature or defective regu lation of bone marrow haematopoiesis which im proves with age [7] and the possibility that TMD is a leukaemic process which spontaneously regresses [8]. As megakaryocytic phagocytosis has been recognized to be an epiphenom enon in certain malignant disor ders such as Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastom a and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia [9], the coexistence of prom inent megakaryocytic phagocytosis in the bone marrow of our patient supports the idea that TMD may be due to a spontaneously regressing clone of malignant cells in haematopoiesis.…”

Down’s Syndrome and Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukaemia

“…Some [20,23] believe that these cases represent a spon taneously remitting leukaemic clone whilst, others [27], think that there is a transient leukaemoid reaction which is a result of the ineffective regulation of granulopoiesis. Cases of Down's syn drome which demonstrated a remitting transient myeloproliferative syndrome had no karyotypic abnormality except for trisomy 21, while cases of congenital leu kaemia with additional chromosomally abnormal cell lines had a fatal outcome [16].…”