Inelastic surface deformation during the 2013 M<sub>w</sub>7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan, earthquake

Vallage, Amaury; Klinger, Yann; Grandin, R.; Bhat, Harsha S.; Pierrot-Deseilligny, Marc

doi:10.1130/g37290.1

Cited by 59 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Although, in a simple linear elastic model, a uniform slip distribution at depth is expected when averaged over many seismic cycles (Tse & Rice 1986), this deficit does not seem to be recovered by either inter-seismic creep or post-seismic deformation (Fialko 2004a). Some exceptions with no detectable shallow slip deficit have nonetheless been documented such as the 2013 M w = 7.7 Balochistan earthquakes (Jolivet et al 2014;Vallage et al 2015).…”

Section: Shallow Slip Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the 1992 Landers earthquake: a Bayesian exploration of co-seismic slip and off-fault damage

Gombert¹,

Duputel²,

Jolivet

et al. 2017

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YExisting models for the distribution of subsurface fault slip associated with the 1992 Landers, CA, earthquake (M w = 7.3) show significant dissimilarities. In particular, they exhibit different amounts of slip at shallow depths (<5 km). These discrepancies can be primarily attributed to the ill-posed nature of the slip inversion problem and to the use of physically unjustifiable smoothing or regularization constraints. In this study, we propose a new coseismic model obtained from the joint inversion of multiple observations in a relatively unregularized and fully Bayesian framework. We use a comprehensive data set including GPS, terrestrial geodesy, multiple SAR interferograms and co-seismic offsets from correlation of aerial images. These observations provide dense coverage of both near-and far-field deformation. To limit the impact of modelling uncertainties, we develop a 3-D fault geometry designed from field observations, co-seismic offsets and the distribution of aftershocks. In addition, we account for uncertainty in the assumed elastic structure used to compute the Green's functions. Our solution includes the ensemble of all plausible models that are consistent with our prior information and fit the available observations within data and prediction uncertainties. Using near-fault high-resolution ground deformation measurements and the density of aftershocks, we investigate the properties of the damage zone and its impact on the inferred slip at depth. We attribute a part of the inferred slip deficit at shallow depth to our models not including the impact of a damage zone associated with a reduction of shear modulus in the vicinity of the fault.

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Section: Shallow Slip Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the 1992 Landers earthquake: a Bayesian exploration of co-seismic slip and off-fault damage

Gombert¹,

Duputel²,

Jolivet

et al. 2017

Geophysical Journal International

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“…In order to do that, one needs to be able to investigate in detail the rupture process. In few cases, combining such measurements with interferometric synthetic aperture radar allowed accessing the full 3-D surface deformation field and slip at depth [Fialko et al, 2001;Grandin et al, 2009;Vallage et al, 2015]. More specifically, the use of pre-earthquake and post-earthquake images together with image correlation technics makes possible to measure at high resolution the horizontal displacement field associated with an earthquake [Van Puymbroeck et al, 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large-scale kinks and jogs have seemed to control part of the rupture Zinke et al, 2014]. The existence of such band of distributed deformation, mostly located in the hanging wall, results in significant differences in the amount of horizontal displacement that could be measured in the direct vicinity of the rupture and away from the fault, at distances of 1 km to several kilometers Gold et al, 2015;Vallage et al, 2015;Zinke et al, 2014]. Band's width varies along strike, in part due to the presence, or not, of loose sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological structures control on earthquake ruptures: The M_w7.7, 2013, Balochistan earthquake, Pakistan

Vallage

Klinger

Lacassin

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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The 2013 Mw7.7 Balochistan earthquake, Pakistan, ruptured the Hoshab fault. Left‐lateral motion dominated the deformation pattern, although significant vertical motion is found along the southern part of the rupture. Correlation of high‐resolution (2.5 m) optical satellite images provided horizontal displacement along the entire rupture. In parallel, we mapped the ground rupture geometry at 1:500 scale. We show that the azimuth of the ground rupture distributes mainly between two directions, N216° and N259°. The direction N216° matches the direction of preexisting geologic structures resulting from penetrative deformation caused by the nearby Makran subduction. Hence, during a significant part of its rupture, the 2013 Balochistan rupture kept switching between a long‐term fault front and secondary branches, in which existence and direction are related to the compressional context. It shows unambiguous direct interactions between different preexisting geologic structures, regional stress, and dynamic‐rupture stress, which controlled earthquake propagation path.

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“…Avouac et al, 2014;Jolivet et al, 2014;Barnhart et al, 2014a), both because of its clear surface ruptures (e.g. Vallage et al, 2015) and its unusual geometry (e.g. Zhou et al, 2015).…”

Section: Strike-slip Faulting On the Wedge Topmentioning

confidence: 99%

Megathrust and accretionary wedge properties and behaviour in the Makran subduction zone

Penney¹,

Tavakoli²,

Saadat³

et al. 2017

Geophysical Journal International

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We study the Makran subduction zone, along the southern coasts of Iran and Pakistan, to gain insights into the kinematics and dynamics of accretionary prism deformation. By combining techniques from seismology, geodesy and geomorphology, we are able to put constraints on the shape of the subduction interface and the style of strain across the prism. We also address the long-standing tectonic problem of how the right-lateral shear taken up by strike-slip faulting in the Sistan Suture Zone in eastern Iran is accommodated at the zone's southern end. We find that the subduction interface in the western Makran may be locked, accumulating elastic strain, and move in megathrust earthquakes. Such earthquakes, and associated tsunamis, present a significant hazard to populations around the Arabian Sea.

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Inelastic surface deformation during the 2013 M_w7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan, earthquake

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Revisiting the 1992 Landers earthquake: a Bayesian exploration of co-seismic slip and off-fault damage

Revisiting the 1992 Landers earthquake: a Bayesian exploration of co-seismic slip and off-fault damage

Geological structures control on earthquake ruptures: The M_w7.7, 2013, Balochistan earthquake, Pakistan

Megathrust and accretionary wedge properties and behaviour in the Makran subduction zone

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Inelastic surface deformation during the 2013 Mw7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan, earthquake

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Revisiting the 1992 Landers earthquake: a Bayesian exploration of co-seismic slip and off-fault damage

Revisiting the 1992 Landers earthquake: a Bayesian exploration of co-seismic slip and off-fault damage

Geological structures control on earthquake ruptures: The Mw7.7, 2013, Balochistan earthquake, Pakistan

Megathrust and accretionary wedge properties and behaviour in the Makran subduction zone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Inelastic surface deformation during the 2013 M_w7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan, earthquake

Geological structures control on earthquake ruptures: The M_w7.7, 2013, Balochistan earthquake, Pakistan