Inequality, Interactions, and Human Development

Seth, Suman

doi:10.1080/19452820903048878

Cited by 81 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Also note that, when  = 2, the coefficient defined in (8) reduces to the sample bivariate Spearman's footrule − usually denoted as   − given by…”

Section: A Multivariate Version Of Spearman's Footrulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This criterion was formalized by Tsui [4] who called it correlation increasing majorization and was further discussed by Bourbignon and Chackravarty [5] who propose a stronger version called correlation increasing switch. The relevance of incorporating dimensional interactions when measuring welfare has also been pointed out by Duclos et al [6], Decancq et al [7] and Seth [8]. In this framework, we face the problem of measuring the dependence between the three dimensions included in the most commonly used index of welfare, namely the HDI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the Dependence Among Dimensions of Welfare: A Study Based on Spearman’s Footrule and Gini’s Gamma

Pérez

Alaiz

2016

Int. J. Unc. Fuzz. Knowl. Based Syst.

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Welfare is multidimensional as it involves not only income, but also education, health or labour. The composite indicators of welfare are usually based on aggregating somehow the information across dimensions and individuals. However, this approach ignores the relationship between the dimensions being aggregated. To face this goal, in this paper we analyse the dependence between the dimensions included in the Human Development Index (HDI), namely income, health and schooling, through three copula-based measures of multivariate association: Spearman's footrule, Gini's gamma and Spearman's rho. We discuss their properties and prove new results on Spearman's footrule. The copula approach focuses on the positions of the individuals across dimensions, rather than the values that the variables attain for such individuals. Thus, it allows for more general types of dependence than the linear correlation. We base our study on data from 1980 till 2014 for the countries included in the 2015 Human Development Report. We find out that though the overall HDI has increased over this period, the dependence between its dimensions remains high and nearly unchanged so that the richest countries tend to be also the best ranked in both health and education.

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“…Also note that, when  = 2, the coefficient defined in (8) reduces to the sample bivariate Spearman's footrule − usually denoted as   − given by…”

Section: A Multivariate Version Of Spearman's Footrulementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Dependence Among Dimensions of Welfare: A Study Based on Spearman’s Footrule and Gini’s Gamma

Pérez

Alaiz

2016

Int. J. Unc. Fuzz. Knowl. Based Syst.

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“…As has been argued elsewhere, in certain scenarios it might be attractive from an ethical point of view to reward those distributions that are more equally distributed (see Atkinson 1970, Chakravarty 1990). Unfortunately, the arithmetic mean is not inequality sensitive when averaging subgroup-speci…c information into an overall welfare assessment index (see Alkire and Foster 2010, Foster et al 2005, Seth 2009). In order to remedy this problem, these authors suggest using the family of generalized weighted means, which are de…ned as follows:…”

Section: Inequality-sensitive Overall Improvement Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: inequality). This second route is reminiscent of other recent attempts to construct subgroup-consistent, inequality and/or association-sensitive and nationally representative human development indices (see Alkire and Foster 2010, Foster et al 2005, Seth 2009). In this paper, we illustrate di¤erent ways in which both approaches can be operationalized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Achievement and Shortfall Improvements in a Consistent Way

Permanyer

2015

Review of Income and Wealth

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When standards of living are measured with bounded indicators-as is commonly the case with health or education variables-improvements over time can be assessed through achievements or the corresponding shortfalls. Integrating both approaches into a common framework, we propose the corresponding achievement and shortfall improvement indices and characterize them axiomatically. However, rankings of alternative social states in terms of achievements and shortfalls do not necessarily go hand in hand. We present the necessary and su¢ cient conditions under which our achievement and shortfall improvement indices rank social states in a consistent way. Since improvement indices proposed in the literature so far have only shown results at the country level, we suggest collecting information at arbitrary small levels of aggregation to be able to uncover unobserved heterogeneity, complementing traditional country-level analysis and taking into account the entire distribution of local-level improvements over time. Empirical illustrations using census data from …ve African countries suggest that consistency between achievement and shortfall improvements in standards of living is not only a matter of theoretical import but it is also a problem that can be encountered in practice to a large extent.

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“…This was not the case, however, in the HHDI category ( Figure 2) as there were more reported cases of death from OAP than IAP. Generally there were higher mortalities due to air pollution in the LHDI countries than the HHDI and MHDI categories, with the worst cases happening in Sierra Leone, Niger, Angola, Burundi, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Mali, and Burkina Faso, respectively [11,46].…”

Section: Environmental Pollution and Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Living in Africa: Case of Water, Sanitation, Air Pollution and Energy

Omole

Ndambuki

2014

Sustainability

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Abstract:The study reviewed developmental challenges confronting African countries with specific reference to the availability of potable water, sanitation, energy, water and ambient air. It showed the conflict between the need to exploit environmental capital in order to keep up with the pace of human development activities and the need to utilize resources sustainably. Hitherto, the cost of this development has been at the expense of public health and cleaner environment. The outcome demonstrates the need for a change of approach in the way and manner that environmental resources are exploited for developmental purposes. Two concepts for addressing these problems were discussed. These are the "soft path" approach and the trialog model. The former places high priority on the proper use and management of existing infrastructure or resources rather than acquisition or exploitation of more infrastructure or resources. The latter concept addresses the principle of resource governance through the application of an understanding of the complex relationship between the main stakeholders-government, science, and society. Case studies on the practicality of these concepts were also highlighted and discussed.

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Inequality, Interactions, and Human Development

Cited by 81 publications

References 14 publications

Measuring the Dependence Among Dimensions of Welfare: A Study Based on Spearman’s Footrule and Gini’s Gamma

Measuring the Dependence Among Dimensions of Welfare: A Study Based on Spearman’s Footrule and Gini’s Gamma

Measuring Achievement and Shortfall Improvements in a Consistent Way

Sustainable Living in Africa: Case of Water, Sanitation, Air Pollution and Energy

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