Inequality of Opportunity among Egyptian Children

Abstract

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

Assessing and decomposing inequality of opportunity in access to child health and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from three countries with low human development index

“…Based on insight from Ersado and Aran [ 28 ] study, we selected seven variables for the analysis of inequalities in healthcare outcomes. These are: i. Antenatal care or prenatal care (women’s routine health control during pregnancy); ii.…”

Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?

“…As with other areas of human development in Egypt and much of the Middle East and North Africa region (Assaad, Krafft, Hassine, & Salehi-Isfahani, 2012;Assaad, Salehi-Isfahani, & Hendy, 2014;El-Kogali & Krafft, 2015;Ersado & Aran, 2014;Krafft & El-Kogali, 2014;Salehi-Isfahani, Hassine, & Assaad, 2014), inequalities in education are limiting human rights, preventing the equitable development of individuals' capabilities, and precluding social justice.…”

Inequality of Opportunity in Wages and Consumption in Egypt

“…Other studies, staying with the general theme of inequality, have examined inequality of opportunity, which can better capture the notion of unfairness and social injustice that may lie at the root of popular perceptions. There is a growing literature on the Middle East that estimates the level of inequality of opportunity in MENA countries in health, education, wages, wealth, and access to basic services (Assaad, Salehi-Isfahani, and Hendy, 2014, El-Kogali and Krafft, 2015, El Enbaby and Galal, 2015, Ersado and Aran, 2014, Krafft and Assaad, 2016, Salehi-Isfahani, Belhaj Hassine, and Assaad, 2014, Velez, Al-Shawarby, and El-Laithy, 2012). However, so far this literature does not settle the inequality puzzle for Egypt.…”

“…Other estimates of inequality of opportunity vary, depending on the type of outcome being measured. Estimates of inequality of opportunity in educational achievement (TIMSS scores for eight graders) show considerable inequality in Egypt but place it below half a dozen MENA countries, such as Qatar, Turkey, Iran, and Jordan (Ersado and Aran, 2014, Salehi-Isfahani, Belhaj Hassine, and Assaad, 2014). Inequality of opportunity in attainment is also an issue in Egypt, as measured by ever attending school and reaching the secondary level if ever attending (Assaad, Salehi-Isfahani, and Hendy, 2014).…”