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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the causes of student dropout in rural universities. The objective was to understand a complex phenomenon that represents a major obstacle to development and equal opportunities in the rural educational context. Theoretical framework: Different scientific publications were reviewed in all the academic platforms with the highest impact in the scientific field. This allowed the researchers to broaden their knowledge and, ultimately, to deepen their understanding of the subject studied in this work. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology of the study included a documentary review, with content analysis as the main strategy. The databases Scopus, Redalyc, SciELO Dialnet and Google Scholar were used, with specific inclusion criteria related to the period of publication, type of study, languages and availability in open format. Findings: The data found revealed that university dropout occurs due to various situations, such as individual and socioeconomic factors, geographic and access barriers, quality of education and available resources. In addition, cultural and social aspects, and sometimes the lack of empathy on the part of authorities, professors and peers, cause university dropouts. Social, practical and research implications: The study has important implications for understanding and reducing dropout in the rural university context, which will have implications for areas such as education, policy and social development. Originality/value: It is crucial that education policy makers and university institutions work in a coordinated manner to design comprehensive strategies tailored to the specific needs of each rural community. Continued research and analysis of the elements that influence dropout will identify new opportunities for improvement and ensure equitable access to higher education. This will contribute to the academic, professional and social development of rural students and strengthen the educational fabric of these regions. Taken together, these suggestions aim to strengthen student retention and provide equitable educational opportunities in rural areas, thus contributing to greater equality of opportunity and the integral development of these communities.
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the causes of student dropout in rural universities. The objective was to understand a complex phenomenon that represents a major obstacle to development and equal opportunities in the rural educational context. Theoretical framework: Different scientific publications were reviewed in all the academic platforms with the highest impact in the scientific field. This allowed the researchers to broaden their knowledge and, ultimately, to deepen their understanding of the subject studied in this work. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology of the study included a documentary review, with content analysis as the main strategy. The databases Scopus, Redalyc, SciELO Dialnet and Google Scholar were used, with specific inclusion criteria related to the period of publication, type of study, languages and availability in open format. Findings: The data found revealed that university dropout occurs due to various situations, such as individual and socioeconomic factors, geographic and access barriers, quality of education and available resources. In addition, cultural and social aspects, and sometimes the lack of empathy on the part of authorities, professors and peers, cause university dropouts. Social, practical and research implications: The study has important implications for understanding and reducing dropout in the rural university context, which will have implications for areas such as education, policy and social development. Originality/value: It is crucial that education policy makers and university institutions work in a coordinated manner to design comprehensive strategies tailored to the specific needs of each rural community. Continued research and analysis of the elements that influence dropout will identify new opportunities for improvement and ensure equitable access to higher education. This will contribute to the academic, professional and social development of rural students and strengthen the educational fabric of these regions. Taken together, these suggestions aim to strengthen student retention and provide equitable educational opportunities in rural areas, thus contributing to greater equality of opportunity and the integral development of these communities.
Considerar al conocimiento local como elemento clave para la enseñanza de las ciencias en ambientes rurales es una oportunidad para fomentar la comprensión pública de la ciencia desde dicho escenario. A esto se suman estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas que permiten repensar los roles de quienes interactúan por intermedio de la enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los argumentos presentados permiten generar un debate con relación a la importancia concedida a la escuela rural como epicentro de saberes que derivan desde lo local y que no se extralimitan a creencias carentes de significado para quienes cohabitan en el campo, por lo que propician la alfabetización científica desde sus posibilidades intelectuales. En este sentido, se exponen en este ensayo reflexiones que invitan a dar otra mirada al acto formativo, instando hacia la visualización de un proceso educativo que supere el protagonismo otorgado a prácticas que defienden la homogenización del conocimiento. En este sentido, se contemplan las aristas que derivan a partir de la interrelación escuela-comunidad, haciendo énfasis en los modos de actuación de las personas frente a las situaciones propias del contexto rural; bajo este supuesto, se da importancia a los imaginarios que proveen información acerca de la riqueza sociocultural y natural de la ruralidad colombiana.
Los programas de Aprendizaje Socioemocional (SEL, por sus siglas en inglés) basados en evidencia fomentan la adquisición de competencias intrapersonales e interpersonales, como la autoconciencia, el autocontrol, la conciencia social, las habilidades sociales y la toma de decisiones responsables en entornos educativos. Para optimizar el desarrollo socioemocional de los estudiantes, es crucial comprender el conocimiento, las prácticas y el contexto de los docentes respecto al SEL (Humphries et al., 2018). A pesar de los diversos llamados a atender el desarrollo socioemocional de los menores en contextos educativos en Colombia (Pérez, 2016), la investigación sobre SEL en el país es limitada. Este estudio cualitativo investiga las perspectivas de trece profesores provenientes de diversos contextos socioculturales de Colombia. Específicamente se indaga sobre el conocimiento de los profesores acerca del SEL, sus acciones para promover el desarrollo socioemocional de sus estudiantes, y sus necesidades y barreras. Las entrevistas se diseñaron basándose en estudios previos que examinaron los conocimientos y prácticas de los docentes en lo que se refiere al SEL (e.g., Bridgeland et al., 2013; Buchanan et al., 2009; Humphries et al., 2018). Se efectuaron trece entrevistas semiestructuradas, y se utilizó la metodología propuesta por Flick (2014) para la reducción, reorganización y representación de datos. Los resultados muestran que los profesores tienen un sólido entendimiento de las habilidades socioemocionales y muestran actitudes positivas hacia el SEL. Sin embargo, las disparidades socioeconómicas y la falta de capacitación obstaculizan la implementación del SEL basado en evidencia, especialmente en escuelas rurales afectadas por el conflicto armado. Los docentes señalaron la necesidad de capacitación en SEL y la importancia de prácticas culturalmente sensibles y centradas en el trauma, respaldadas por políticas públicas. Es crucial crear un entorno propicio para la implementación del SEL. A través de una capacitación dirigida y prácticas culturalmente sensibles, los docentes pueden promover eficazmente el bienestar socioemocional de todos los estudiantes. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de invertir en educación SEL, especialmente en contextos afectados por disparidades socioeconómicas y conflicto armado, para así, promover el desarrollo socioemocional de estudiantes en situación de riesgo.
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