Background: Some reports suggest differences regarding health needs between the population affiliated to subsidized health insurance scheme (SS) compared to the contributory health insurance scheme (CS) in Colombia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the epidemiological profile of the population affiliated to the SS in Colombia, to establish if there are differences compared to CS in terms of: incident diseases, prevalent diseases, and use of health services and to estimate the magnitude of the differences from statistical analyzes of the data retrieved in a systematic review of data published in the literature and other sources of information. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology. The search was made from 1993, with none other restriction. The information was synthesized in five categories according to the most important risk populations. We estimated combined incidences from epidemiological surveillance data, prevalence ratio, and other measures to estimate the difference between the studied groups. A 95% interval confidence was considered. A random effects models were used weighted by the inverse of the variance of the cumulative incidence calculated for each disease. The risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Results: 16.236 we identified, 14.972 were exclude after the title and abstract screening, 725 articles were verified as full text and finally 268 articles were included. The relative risk for non-communicable and communicable diseases was lower in the SS than the RC (RR: 0,37 and 0,72 respectively, p-value <0,05), however, for the other three categories, differences were found, the risk of presenting obstetric and maternal conditions in the SS versus the CS was RR 1,55, for frequent conditions during early childhood and other diseases was RR 1,28 with p-value < 0,05 respectively. The use of health services was different by scheme, finding less demand, access, or provision in health services in the SS.Conclusions: This study allowed to conclude that there are differences in the incidence, prevalence, and use of health services between health affiliation scheme (SS and CS) in Colombia allowing to guide decision-making to stakeholders. Registration: PROSPERO Registration number CRD42021279234.