Inequity in maternal health-care services: evidence from home-based skilled-birth-attendant programmes in Bangladesh

What socioeconomic factors are associated with different levels of antenatal care visits in Bangladesh? A behavioral model

“…This is therefore only indirectly captured in the existing variables. However, Anwar et al showed that the number of ANC visits were unaffected by distance (Anwar et al, 2008) in Bangladesh.…”

Maternal Healthcare in Bangladesh and Gender Equity: A Review Article

“…In Bangladesh, women's skilled prenatal and postpartum care is focused on those living in urban areas and in the upper wealth quintile (Anwar, Sami, & Akhtar, 2008). Skilled birth attendants are mostly unavailable in rural areas with the majority of births taking place at home in the presence of a family member or other unskilled birth attendants (Paul et al, 2002).…”

“…Examples of these practices include: multiple vaginal examinations, practice of "forced gagging to expel the placenta" coupled with heavy pressure (the attendant's knee or full arm with body weight) on the abdomen or utilizing an object, internal version to change the placement of the baby during delivery, pulling on the umbilical cord, and manual removal of the placenta (Fronczak, Arifeen, & Moran, 2007). These practices cause unnecessary trauma potentially creating postpartum complications such as damage to the perineum, urinary tract, uterus, and other internal visceral structures with an increased risk of infection (Fronczak et al, 2007;Anwar et al, 2008).…”

Improving access to maternity services: an overview of cash transfer and voucher schemes in South Asia

“…[1][2][3] In these countries, however, women's uptake of maternal health care services remains strongly associated with wealth, and high financial costs are considered a major barrier in maternal health care utilisation. 1,[3][4][5][6] Against this background, governments and donors are exploring ways to reduce cost barriers for pregnant women. 5 Several demand-side financing schemes, designed to stimulate demand for maternal health care, have been implemented in South Asia.…”