Inert Gases in the Control of Museum Insect Pests

Hawks, Catharine; Selwitz, Charles; Maekawa, Shin

doi:10.2307/3179983

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The anaerobic test was carried out in dynamics mode [28] with modifications. Cladosporium spinulosum isolated from artwork was grown on SDA (Difco Laboratories) at 27°C for 7 days under aerobic conditions.…”

Section: Anaerobic Atmosphere Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Cladosporium spinulosum on an engraving by Rembrandt and susceptibility profile to eco‐friendly antifungal treatments

2023

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Interdisciplinary studies on cultural heritage artworks provide efficient solutions to control fungal growth and the negative effects of biodeterioration. In this study, we aimed to identify the population of filamentous fungi colonizing an engraving by the Dutch painter Rembrandt, whose conservation status was compromised and showed visible stains of biodeterioration. Microbiological techniques, such as cultivation‐dependent approaches and molecular biology, have been used to identify fungal populations. In addition, the anaerobic atmosphere technique and eco‐friendly antifungal agents, such as essential oils (EOs) of Curcuma longa, Thymus vulgaris, and Melaleuca alternifolia, were tested against the metabolically active fungal population Cladoposporium spinulosum. Furthermore, in vitro assays revealed that the interaction between the fungal strains and EO was positive, inhibiting the growth of these fungi, and the EOs from T. vulgaris and M. alternifolia showed low minimum inhibitory concentration values. Exposure to anaerobic conditions for 35 days was effective in the total elimination of isolated fungal strains. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of a nondestructive technique for artwork on engraving colonized by fungal strains and using EO as an alternative to toxic antifungals used in conventional treatments in artworks. Thus, this interdisciplinary study involving applied microbiology and botanical and preventive conservation presents a tool to control microbial growth while maintaining artwork integrity.

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Section: Anaerobic Atmosphere Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Cladosporium spinulosum on an engraving by Rembrandt and susceptibility profile to eco‐friendly antifungal treatments

2023

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“…Nitrogen and argon are inert gases commonly used to create anoxic environments in the cultural heritage field. There is evidence that argon can be a better eradicator of some pests than nitrogen (Valentin, 1993), but literature also supports the use of nitrogen (Daniel et al, 1993;Maekawa & Elert, 2003;Selwitz & Maekawa, 1998). The gas treatment was modeled as the quantity of nitrogen or argon needed for each treatment scenario and the electricity needed to operate a vacuum pump.…”

Section: Gas Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for potential enclosure leakage, the anoxic environment is maintained with a flow of the purging gas as needed, or with sufficient oxygen scavenger (Shashoua, 1999). Insect eradication takes up to four weeks of anoxia to kill all stages of the insect life cycle, while anoxic storage might last the lifetime of the object (Cnossen, 2021;Gulotta et al, 2015;Integrated Pest Management Working Group [IPM-WG], 2020; Selwitz & Maekawa, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling environmental impacts with care professionals & examining hazardous air pollutants in environmental justice communities in Massachusetts

Sanchez

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The climate crisis is one of the primary challenges facing society in the 21st century.Environmental emissions and burdens need to be identified and quantified before they can be effectively reduced or eliminated. One available environmental impact modeling tool is life cycle assessment (LCA). The research in this dissertation builds upon the existing codified LCA framework to improve outcomes for stakeholders by directly including them throughout the entirety of the LCA process.Three case studies in this dissertation implement a collaborative, co-creation research approach through partnerships between LCA researchers and stakeholders in care-oriented fields, specifically cultural heritage and healthcare. LCA provides decision support by comparing the environmental impacts of functionally equivalent alternatives, however, results from standard LCAs can be difficult for stakeholders to use to implement change because the scenarios are not broadly representative or inclusive. Under this collaborative methodology, the majority of project time was invested in co-developing the scenarios and alternatives to address this gap.The final research chapter in this dissertation is also orientated around communities but geographical rather than professional. Historically in the United States, communities across racial and class strata, have not equally nor equitably experienced environmental exposures and harms.Environmental justice (EJ) is an interdisciplinary field, body of research, and social movement working to identify and address inequities and injustices in our built environment. This chapter examines hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) through the lens of Massachusetts-specific EJ designations. Statistical and spatial analyses showed differences in HAP distribution, and proximity to HAP stationary sources that are not fully explained by EJ. In addition to current demographic-iii based EJ designations and policies, there is a need for additional EJ criteria that quantify environmental burdens and benefits to adequately capture and better address inequalities in HAP exposures throughout the state.Environmental assessment tools provide critical information to communities for them to understand current environmental health risks and guide more sustainable actions in the future, but they must be applied in an inclusive manner. The highly collaborative, co-creation approach employed in this dissertation ensures that the research is relevant and broadly applicable to a range of community stakeholders.the Humanities (PR-268771-20). I would also like to express my deepest appreciation to Dr. Jodi Sherman, Sarah Nunberg, Sarah Sutton, and the many cultural heritage professionals and graduate students for allowing me the privilege of working in partnership with them on this research. Special thanks to Dr. Jerry Hajjar and the Civil & Environmental Engineering faculty and staff for all of their support and for fostering such a close-knit community. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Asst. Dean Rachelle Reisberg and Assoc. D...

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Using Low Oxygen Atmospheres to Control Two Insects pests Attacking Historic objects in Egypt

Bakr

Fattah

Salim

et al. 2013

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

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The efficacy of controlled atmospheres of high nitrogen concentration (99.9%) and various carbon dioxide concentrations (25, 50,75and 99.9%) was investigated against adults and larvae of two insects attacking historic objects in Egypt, the black carpet beetle and the cigarette beetle. Also, the effect of temperature and exposures time on the mortality of insects was examined. Results revealed that the efficiency of CO 2 and N 2 gases was increased with increasing gas concentration, temperature and exposure time. Carbon dioxide gas was more toxic to both insects than nitrogen gas at the same conditions. Larvae of both species were more susceptible than adults to both gases.

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Inert Gases in the Control of Museum Insect Pests

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Detection of Cladosporium spinulosum on an engraving by Rembrandt and susceptibility profile to eco‐friendly antifungal treatments

Detection of Cladosporium spinulosum on an engraving by Rembrandt and susceptibility profile to eco‐friendly antifungal treatments

Modeling environmental impacts with care professionals & examining hazardous air pollutants in environmental justice communities in Massachusetts

Using Low Oxygen Atmospheres to Control Two Insects pests Attacking Historic objects in Egypt

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