“…Microfluidic system are fabricated by etching or molding glass, silicone, acrylics, or other polymer types (Romao et al, 2017;Economou et al, 2018). In general, the polymer material is easily produced and performs well (Whulanza et al, 2017a(Whulanza et al, , 2018a(Whulanza et al, , 2019Phadke et al, 2018;Renatan et al, 2020). However, paper-based lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is the latest innovation, with the advantage of a low fabrication cost (Martinez et al, 2010;Ballerini et al, 2012;Costa et al, 2014).…”