“…In general, these studies showed that greater adiposity in infancy and childhood was associated to female sex 4,5,6,7,8,9 , white skin color 7,9,10,11 , higher birth 4,12 and current weight 12,13,14 , higher pre-gestational maternal 4,7,15 and paternal body mass index 14,16 , maternal smoking in pregnancy 15,16,17 , and shorter duration of breastfeeding 6,18 , whereas the role of socioeconomic conditions is controversial at the literature 7,14,16,19,20 . No studies were found in countries such as Brazil, where epidemiological and nutritional transitions are still playing out 21,22 , leaving a gap with regard to the effect of these transitions on body composition in childhood.…”