Infant Feeding and Weight Gain: Separating Breast Milk From Breastfeeding and Formula From Food

Azad, Meghan B.; Vehling, Lorena; Chan, Deborah; Klopp, Annika; Nickel, Nathan; McGavock, Jonathan; Becker, Allan B.; Mandhane, Piushkumar J.; Turvey, Stuart E.; Moraes, Theo J.; Taylor, Mark; Lefebvre, Diana L.; Sears, Malcolm R.; Subbarao, Padmaja

doi:10.1542/peds.2018-1092

Cited by 159 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…As far as we know, limited Canadian data are available on breast pump practices in general. However, among 2,870 children in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development study, 57% of those who were breastfed at 3 months of age also received pumped breast milk (Azad et al, ). Our study participants used breast pumps for a range of reasons also identified in the literature: to maintain milk supply, to provide breast milk during breastfeeding problems, and to increase flexibility and allow others to help with infant feeding (Chamberlain, McMahon, Phillip, & Merewood, ; Labiner‐Wolfe et al, ; Win, Binns, Zhao, Scott, & Oddy, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerable mothers' experiences breastfeeding with an enhanced community lactation support program

Francis

Mildon

Stewart

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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The Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) provides a variety of health and nutrition supports to vulnerable mothers and strongly promotes breastfeeding but does not have a formal framework for postnatal lactation support. Breastfeeding duration and exclusivity rates in Canada fall well below global recommendations, particularly among socially and economically vulnerable women. We aimed to explore CPNP participant experiences with breastfeeding and with a novel community lactation support program in Toronto, Canada that included access to certified lactation consultants and an electric breast pump, if needed. Four semistructured focus groups and 21 individual interviews (n = 46 women) were conducted between September and December 2017. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Study participants reported a strong desire to breastfeed but a lack of preparation for breastfeeding‐associated challenges. Three main challenges were identified by study participants: physical (e.g., pain and low milk supply), practical (e.g., cost of breastfeeding support and maternal time pressures), and breastfeeding self‐efficacy (e.g., concern about milk supply and conflicting information). Mothers reported that the free lactation support helped to address breastfeeding challenges. In their view, the key element of success with the new program was the in‐home visit by the lactation consultant, who was highly skilled and provided care in a non‐judgmental manner. They reported this support would have been otherwise unavailable due to cost or travel logistics. This study suggests value in exploring the addition of postnatal lactation support to the well‐established national CPNP as a means to improve breastfeeding duration and exclusivity among vulnerable women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerable mothers' experiences breastfeeding with an enhanced community lactation support program

Francis

Mildon

Stewart

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…With a growing body of evidence that feeding expressed breast milk might be different from feeding at the breast, this is an important finding. Studies have found that there is higher risk of asthma (17)and childhood obesity (18)(19)(20)with expressed breast milk feeding compared to direct breastfeeding. There are also concerns that only feeding expressed breastmilk could result in shorter duration of breastfeeding (20).In our study,expressed breastfeeding in the first month of life did not make any difference to our 6-month breastfeeding rates, but our study was not designed to answer this question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Breastfeeding Experiences between Mothers Spending the Traditional Chinese Confinement Period in a Confinement Centre or at Home

Foong¹,

Tan

Foong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundEthnic Chinese mothers in Malaysia adhere to 30 days of traditional post-partum practices (the “confinement period”) aimed at recuperation after delivery. Recently there has been an emergence of confinement centres (CCs), where mothers stay and receive traditional confinement care. Ethnic Chinese mothers have low breastfeeding rates. There are concerns that practices in CCs could contribute to this but no data exists. We describe mother’s breastfeeding experience at CCs and identify areas for potential improvement in breastfeeding support.MethodsEthnic Chinese mothers intending to breastfeed their healthy infants were recruited post-delivery, then telephone interviewed about their experience 1 and 6 months later. For every participant going to CCs, another mother going home was recruited. Chi-square test was used to compare groups and multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of confinement place on exclusive breastfeeding. Results Of 187 mothers, 88(47%) went to CCs. Significantly more were primigravida and fewer had previous breastfeeding experience. Response rates for one- and 6- month interviews were 87.5% (CC) vs 97% (home); and 77.3% (CC) versus 86.7% (home).Exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1 and 6 months were similar between the groups. Multiple logistic regressiondid not show that CCs were a factor affecting exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1 month (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.85 to 3.28) or 6 months (aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.70). However, significantly more CC participants only fed expressed breastmilk. Despite 66% of CC participants reporting that their centre supported breastfeeding, only 6(8%) CC participants compared to 66(69%) of home participants slept with their baby. The proportion encountering breastfeeding difficulties were similar between groups. CC participants sought help for breastfeeding problems mainly from CC staff and support groups while home participants obtained help from friends and healthcare professionals. ConclusionsContrary to current perceptions, breastfeeding experience and breastfeeding rates were similar at CCs and home but there were gaps in how CCs supported breastfeeding. Targeted training to CC staff to support breastfeeding may result in better outcomes for mothers staying in CCs. Trial registrationNational Medical Research Register NMRR-17-1174-36384S1

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“…31 Breastfeeding is crucial in early childhood and continues to show beneficial effects for preventing childhood obesity. 103 Breastfed infants exhibited different gut microbiota and SCFA concentrations compared to formula-fed infants. 41 Infant formula supplemented with GOS increased Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus levels in human infants similar to those of breastfed infants.…”

Section: Probiotics and Prebiotic Effects Of Breastmilk And Breastfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newborn mice supplemented with a synbiotic of GOS and Bifibacterium breve showed decreased body weight and improved insulin sensitivity and lipid profile while being fed an HFD‐diet throughout life . Breastfeeding is crucial in early childhood and continues to show beneficial effects for preventing childhood obesity . Breastfed infants exhibited different gut microbiota and SCFA concentrations compared to formula‐fed infants .…”

Section: Probiotics Prebiotics and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Lee

Yacyshyn

2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

113

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Obesity is a global pandemic with immense health consequences for individuals and societies. Multiple factors, including environmental influences and genetic predispositions, are known to affect the development of obesity. Despite an increasing understanding of the factors driving the obesity epidemic, therapeutic interventions to prevent or reverse obesity are limited in their impact. Manipulation of the human gut microbiome provides a new potential therapeutic approach in the fight against obesity. Specific gut bacteria and their metabolites are known to affect host metabolism and feeding behaviour, and dysbiosis of this biosystem may lead to metabolic syndrome. Potential therapies to alter the gut microbiota to treat obesity include dietary changes, supplementation of the diet with probiotic organisms and prebiotic compounds that influence bacterial growth, and the use of faecal microbiota transplant, in which gut microbiota from healthy individuals are introduced into the gut. In this review, we examine the growing scientific evidence supporting the mechanisms by which the human gut microbiota may influence carbohydrate metabolism and obesity, and the various possible therapies that may utilize the gut microbiota to help correct metabolic dysfunction.

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Infant Feeding and Weight Gain: Separating Breast Milk From Breastfeeding and Formula From Food

Cited by 159 publications

References 30 publications

Vulnerable mothers' experiences breastfeeding with an enhanced community lactation support program

Vulnerable mothers' experiences breastfeeding with an enhanced community lactation support program

A Comparison of Breastfeeding Experiences between Mothers Spending the Traditional Chinese Confinement Period in a Confinement Centre or at Home

Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

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