Infants’ discrimination of shapes from shading and cast shadows

Sato, Kenzo; Kanazawa, Susumu; Yamaguchi, Masami K.

doi:10.3758/s13414-016-1114-7

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As we have noted, the special ambiguity of blues may reflect experience with light and shading in the natural environment. Developmental studies suggest that infants can begin to disambiguate shadows by the age of about 7 months (e.g., Granrud, Yonas, & Opland, 1985;Sato, Kanazawa, & Yamaguchi, 2016). However, little is known about how, or how long, it takes children to learn about the correlations between color and shading, and how this might influence their color percepts.…”

Section: Applying the Fpvs Approach To High-order Color Perception: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of perceptual color inferences as revealed by #thedress

et al. 2020

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Color constancy involves disambiguating the spectral characteristics of lights and surfaces, for example to distinguish red in white light from white in red light. Solving this problem appears especially challenging for bluish tints, which may be attributed more often to shading, and this bias may underlie the individual differences in whether people described the widely publicized image of #thedress as blue-black or white-gold. To probe these higher-level color inferences, we examined neural correlates of the blue-bias, using frequency-tagging and high-density electroencephalography to monitor responses to 3-Hz alternations between different color versions of #thedress. Specifically, we compared relative neural responses to the original "blue" dress image alternated with the complementary "yellow" image (formed by inverting the chromatic contrast of each pixel). This image pair produced a large modulation of the electroencephalography amplitude at the alternation frequency, consistent with a perceived contrast difference between the blue and yellow images. Furthermore, decoding topographical differences in the blue-yellow asymmetries over occipitoparietal channels predicted blue-black and white-gold observers with over 80% accuracy. The blue-yellow asymmetry was stronger than for a "red" versus "green" pair matched for the same component differences in L versus M or S versus LM chromatic contrast as the blue-yellow pair and thus cannot be accounted for by asymmetries within either precortical cardinal mechanism. Instead, the results may point to neural correlates of a higher-level perceptual representation of surface colors.

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Section: Applying the Fpvs Approach To High-order Color Perception: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of perceptual color inferences as revealed by #thedress

et al. 2020

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“…As far as we know, their study is the first to investigate infants’ cast shadow perception; however, their finding of 5-month-old infants’ sensitivity to cast shadow was not replicated in later studies [24–27]. In the current study, we revealed that 7- to 8- month-old infants showed a preference for the unnatural lightness change of a duck in cast shadows, suggesting that infants at this age, at least, can detect a violation of their assumption that cast shadow cause the surface of an object to dim.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Infants' perception of lightness changes related to cast shadows

2017

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When humans perceive the lightness of an object’s surface in shadows there is an implicit assumption that cast shadows dim the surface. In two experiments, we investigated whether 5- to 8-month-old infants make this assumption about shadows. According to this shadow assumption, the apparent change in lightness produced by shadows on an object’s surface are attributed to blocked light sources. If infants can use the shadow assumption to perceive the object’s lightness in shadows, they will also be able to detect unnatural lightness changes in shadows. We compared the infants’ looking times to the unnatural and the natural lightness changes in the shadow when an object (duck) goes through the cast shadow. In Experiment 1, we examined whether infants could detect the unnatural lightness changes of the object’s surface in shadows. We created computer-graphic movies of unnatural and natural lightness changes to the duck’s surface. Our results showed that 7- to 8-month-olds but not 5- to 6-month-olds significantly preferred the movie with the unnatural changes in lightness, indicating that only the older infants could detect these changes. In Experiment 2, we confirmed that the infants’ preference was based on the detection of unnatural lightness changes according to the shadow assumption. The natural and the unnatural lightness changes of Experiment 1 were presented without cast shadows. Under these conditions, neither younger nor older infants showed a significant preference. Taken together, the experiments showed that 7- to 8-month-old infants could detect the unnaturalness of a surface’s lightness changes produced by shadows. In conclusion, our findings suggest that 7- to 8-month-old infants can perceive an object’s lightness in shadows by using an assumption that cast shadows dim the surface of an object.

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Infants’ discrimination of shapes from shading and cast shadows

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Neural correlates of perceptual color inferences as revealed by #thedress

Neural correlates of perceptual color inferences as revealed by #thedress

Infants' perception of lightness changes related to cast shadows

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