Infants' perception of lightness changes related to cast shadows

Sato, Kenzo; Kanazawa, Susumu; Yamaguchi, Masami K.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173591

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To support our fNIRS data, we used a familiarization/novelty preference method (e.g., Yang et al, 2016;Sato et al, 2017) to confirm whether infants could perceive the McGurk effect in the own-race-face condition and not in the other-raceface condition. Similar to the fNIRS experiment, we used two race-face conditions, each of which consisted of two phases: the familiarization phase and test phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Other-Race-Effect on Audiovisual Speech Integration in Infants: A NIRS Study

2020

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Previous studies have revealed perceptual narrowing for the own-race-face in face discrimination, but this phenomenon is poorly understood in face and voice integration. We focused on infants' brain responses to the McGurk effect to examine whether the other-race effect occurs in the activation patterns. In Experiment 1, we conducted fNIRS measurements to find the presence of a mapping of the McGurk effect in Japanese 8to 9-month-old infants and to examine the difference between the activation patterns in response to own-race-face and other-race-face stimuli. We used two race-face conditions, own-race-face (East Asian) and other-race-face (Caucasian), each of which contained audiovisual-matched and McGurk-type stimuli. While the infants (N = 34) were observing each speech stimulus for each race, we measured cerebral hemoglobin concentrations in bilateral temporal brain regions. The results showed that in the own-race-face condition, audiovisual-matched stimuli induced the activation of the left temporal region, and the McGurk stimuli induced the activation of the bilateral temporal regions. No significant activations were found in the other-race-face condition. These results mean that the McGurk effect occurred only in the own-race-face condition. In Experiment 2, we used a familiarization/novelty preference procedure to confirm that the infants (N = 28) could perceive the McGurk effect in the own-race-face condition but not that of the other-race-face. The behavioral data supported the results of the fNIRS data, implying the presence of narrowing for the own-race face in the McGurk effect. These results suggest that narrowing of the McGurk effect may be involved in the development of relatively high-order processing, such as face-to-face communication with people surrounding the infant. We discuss the hypothesis that perceptual narrowing is a modality-general, pan-sensory process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Other-Race-Effect on Audiovisual Speech Integration in Infants: A NIRS Study

2020

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“…As another example, one may ask if the observed pattern of results might change if another critical aspect of shadow perception is varied, such as a light source. Recent perception research hints at such a possibility as there is, for example, empirical evidence that the 7-to 8-month-old infants perceive an object's lightness in shadows and are able to detect the differences between natural and unnatural lightness changes (Sato, Kanazawa, & Yamaguchi, 2017). Furthermore, there are even findings suggesting that eye pupils adjust to imaginary light (Laeng & Sulutvedt, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Complex Visual Information Implicated During Language Comprehension? The Case of Cast Shadows

Horchak

Garrido

2020

Cognitive Science

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Previous research showed that sensorimotor information affects the perception of properties associated with implied perceptual context during language comprehension. Three experiments addressed a novel question of whether perceptual context may contribute to a simulation of information about such out-of-sight objects as cast shadows. In Experiment 1, participants read a sentence that implied a particular shadow cast on a target (blinds vs. an open window) and then verified the picture of the object onto which a shadow was cast. Responses were faster when the shadow of blinds cast on the object matched that implied by the sentence. However, the data did not show the same matching effect for pictures with cast shadows from an open window. In Experiments 2 and 3, we found that verification times for pictures with no cast shadows were faster when preceded by an "open window" sentence, thus suggesting that reading the sentence does not elicit a visual simulation of any specific shadow. Experiment 3 showed that the objects superimposed with a cast shadow of the blinds and blinds themselves were verified faster after reading a "blinds" sentence. However, the results of an order analysis showed the temporal stability of the "blinds shadows" effect, but the disappearance of the "blinds" effect in the second half of the data. We conclude that the results are compatible, to a lesser or greater extent, with multiple accounts, and discuss our findings in the context of a mental imagery view, a mental simulation view, and an amodal representation view.

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“…Animated stimuli have been widely used in studies of infants’ cognition, partly because their superficial perceptual properties can be easily controlled. These studies show that 6-month-old infants mentally represent the occluded object 26 , 27 , 7- to 8-month-old infants perceive an object’s lightness in shadows by using an assumption that cast shadows dim the surface of an object 32 , 9-month-old infants apply principles of object solidity and cohesion 25 , and 12- to 16-month-old infants predict the outcome of a zero-sum conflict between two agents based on their previous spatial high- or low- positions 20 . Further, before their first birthday infants infer agents’ needs, goals and the costs of their actions in ways that take into account a wide range of physical constraints (e.g., gravity, friction, height, barriers, trenches) 25 , 33 – 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Preverbal infants expect agents exhibiting counterintuitive capacities to gain access to contested resources

Meng

Nakawake

Hashiya

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Claims to supernatural power have been used as a basis for authority in a wide range of societies, but little is known about developmental origins of the link between supernatural power and worldly authority. Here, we show that 12- to 16-month-old infants expect agents exhibiting counterintuitive capacities to win out in a two-way standoff over a contested resource. Infants watched two agents gain a reward using either physically intuitive or physically counterintuitive methods, the latter involving simple forms of levitation or teleportation. Infants looked longer, indicating surprise, when the physically intuitive agent subsequently outcompeted a physically counterintuitive agent in securing a reward. Control experiments indicated that infants’ expectations were not simply motived by the efficiency of agents in pursuing their goals, but specifically the deployment of counterintuitive capacities. This suggests that the link between supernatural power and worldly authority has early origins in development.

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Infants' perception of lightness changes related to cast shadows

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

The Other-Race-Effect on Audiovisual Speech Integration in Infants: A NIRS Study

The Other-Race-Effect on Audiovisual Speech Integration in Infants: A NIRS Study

Is Complex Visual Information Implicated During Language Comprehension? The Case of Cast Shadows

Preverbal infants expect agents exhibiting counterintuitive capacities to gain access to contested resources

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