Infants' distance perception from linear perspective and texture gradients

Yonas, Albert; Granrud, Carl E.; Arterberry, Martha E.; Hanson, Brenda L.

doi:10.1016/0163-6383(86)90001-9

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, although many studies that make this claim (e.g., Granrud & Yonas, 1984;Granrud et al, 1985;Yonas et al, 1986) investigated infants' ability to use pictorial cues as sources of information to compute a particular 3-D shape or spatial layout (e.g., apparent convexity, nearness of a surface/object), the current study made no attempt to examine the exact precision of infants' 3-D shape or depth perception. Rather, the emphasis was on infants' sensitivity to discrepancies in pictorial cues that adults use to derive changes in spatial layout of pictorially presented 3-D scenes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The general conclusion from this research has been that whereas infants derive 3-D information from motion-based cues early in life, the ability to derive 3-D information from pictorial cues does not emerge until later in life, that is, between 5 and 7 months of age (e.g., Arterberry, Bensen, & Yonas, 1991;Granrud & Yonas, 1984;Granrud, Yonas, & Opland, 1985;Kavnek, 2004;Kellman & Short, 1987;Yonas, ElieV, & Arterberry, 2002;Yonas, Granrud, Arterberry, & Hanson, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Three-month-olds’ sensitivity to orientation cues in the three-dimensional depth plane

Bertin

Bhatt

2006

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Three-month-olds’ sensitivity to orientation cues in the three-dimensional depth plane

Bertin

Bhatt

2006

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…Yonas et al, 1986). According to these studies, infants 7, but not 5 months of age discern these gradients as distance cues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Yonas et al, (1986) have disentangled texture gradients from other depth signals. They presented a fronto-parallel trapezoidal surface to which two objects were attached at different heights.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Infants' perception of directional alignment of texture elements on a spherical surface

Kavšek

2003

Infant and Child Development

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By appropriately compressing texture elements on a circular surface, one can evoke the impression of being confronted with the depiction of a spherical object in the picture plane. According to Todd and Akerstrom (1987), the 3D perception of such an object can be eliminated if the optical elements are not sufficiently elongated or if they are not aligned with one another. In the current investigation, 4-month-old infants were tested for their ability to react to a disruption of the directional alignment variable. They were habituated to either a spherical surface or a surface the spatial layout of which was destroyed by reorienting the texture elements, and were afterwards tested with a further ellipsoid object and with a further flat surface. Data analysis revealed that the female infants, but not the male participants, preferred the novel posthabituation display, that is, the test stimulus which included a change in the orientational alignment of texture elements. These findings are discussed within the context of development of sensitivity to pictorial depth cues. It is possible that infants as young as 4 months of age respond to manipulations of the directional alignment factor per se, while older infants are capable of using this factor as a cue for 3D object shape. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key words: infant vision; perceptual development; pictorial depth cues; gradients of texture Gibson (1950) was the first to recognize the importance of texture gradients for the perception of spatial layout. Research has revealed four types of variation among texture elements that are potentially informative. These variations are: gradients of density, gradients of size, gradients of convergence (linear perspective) and gradients of compression (width/length). Texture gradients are potentially informative for determining both the distance of a planar surface from the point of observation and the orientation of a planar surface to the line of sight (e.g. Knill, 1998a, b). Stevens (1981Stevens ( , 1984 points to two geometrical

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“…The last interpretation discussed above seems especially likely in view of some recent work by Yonas, Arterberry, and Granrud (1986). They tested 4-month-old infants for the perception of object structure from linear perspective transformations with a transfer procedure similar to ours, and they also independently assessed each infant's sensitivity to binocular disparity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants’ identification of three-dimensional form from transformations of linear perspective

Shaw

Roder

Bushnell

1986

Perception & Psychophysics

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The ability of infants to perceive three-dimensional structure from transformations of linear perspective was investigated in two studies. Infants were habituated to the pattern oflinear perspective transformations corresponding to a particular three-dimensional object, and their relative preference for that object as compared with a different three-dimensional object was assessed both before and after habituation. The habituation displays showed the distorting shadow cast by a rotating object and therefore provided only transformations of linear perspective as information specifying three-dimensional form. The pre-and posttest displays involved the actual threedimensional objects and provided binocular, shading, and texture information specifying threedimensional form, but did not provide informative transformations oflinear perspective. In Study 1, 6-month-olds showed changes in preference from pre-to posttest that were related to the identity of the object whose shadow they had seen during habituation; 4-month-olds, however, did not show preference changes related to the habituation object. In Study 2, rhythm information that may have served as a basis for responding in Study 1 was eliminated from the test displays. Sixmonth-olds again showed changes in preference that were dependent on their habituation experience. It is concluded that, by 6 months of age, infants are able to perceive object structure from the isolated cue of transformations of linear perspective. The findings are discussed with reference to infants' three-dimensional form perception based on other cues and also with reference to the emergence of certain spatially related moter activities.The ability to perceive the three-dimensional structure of objects and their spatial layout in the environment is essential for effective motor behavior; consequently, depth perception has been a matter of considerable interest for psychologists. The central problem with respect to this matter is that the perception of three-dimensional objects in a three-dimensional space must be derived from retinal images that are represented two-dimensionally. Psychologists have identified a variety of "cues" to depth that apparently mediate this conversion process and, to determine the origins and development of depth perception, the responses of young infants to a number of these cues have been investigated. The evidence, recently reviewed by Banks and Salapatek (1983), indicates that infants are, indeed, sensitive to many of the identified cues to depth by as early as 2-3 months of age. Furthermore, observations of infants' reaching behavior indicate that actual distance relationships (nearness/farness) specified by proximal cues are appreciated by 5 months of age in the case of disparity cues (Gordon & Yonas, 1976) and

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Infants' distance perception from linear perspective and texture gradients

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

Three-month-olds’ sensitivity to orientation cues in the three-dimensional depth plane

Three-month-olds’ sensitivity to orientation cues in the three-dimensional depth plane

Infants' perception of directional alignment of texture elements on a spherical surface

Infants’ identification of three-dimensional form from transformations of linear perspective

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