Three-month-olds’ sensitivity to orientation cues in the three-dimensional depth plane

Bertin, Evelin; Bhatt, Ramesh S.

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2005.06.007

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A possible explanation for this contradiction is that the ability to form a representation of shape requires additional processes not required for looking at the more interesting side or reaching for the closer side of a display. Findings from studies (Bertin & Bhatt, 2006; Bhatt & Bertin, 2001; Bhatt & Waters, 1998; Shuwairi, 2009; Shuwairi et al, 2007; Yonas & Granrud, 2007; Yonas et al, 2007) indicating that infants have some sensitivity to pictorial depth cues do not allow us to conclude that infants use abstract representations to store spatial information over time and integrate information from different pictorial cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Bhatt et al (Bertin & Bhatt, 2006; Bhatt & Bertin, 2001; Bhatt & Waters, 1998) found sensitivity to pictorial cues in infants as young as three months of age. In addition, 4-month-old infants looked longer at impossible events (Yonas & Granrud, 2007; Yonas, Granrud, Le, & Forsyth, 2007) and impossible objects (Shuwairi, 2009; Shuwairi, Albert, & Johnson, 2007), as specified by pictorial depth cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of the ability of infants to utilize static cues to create and access representations of object shape

et al. 2010

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A “transfer-across-depth-cues” method was used to explore the development of the ability to generate and use spatial representations of an object as specified by static pictorial depth cues. Infants were habituated to an object with depth specified by one cue and then presented with the same shape with depth specified by a different cue. Only if an abstract representation of that object had been formed could transfer across cues occur. Shading and line junctions uniquely determined the 3D shapes in these displays so that they appeared to be either a slice of cake with a flat top or a rocket. Without these cues, both line drawings were identical. Infants aged 6 to 7 months showed significant evidence of transfer, while infants aged 4 to 5 months did not. A control experiment demonstrated that the younger infants could discriminate between the objects when a single depth cue specified the shapes. These results are similar to our previous findings, which indicated that 6- to 7-month-old infants show transfer across shading and surface-contour cues, specifying convex and concave surfaces (A. Tsuruhara, T. Sawada, S. Kanazawa, M. K. Yamaguchi, & A. Yonas, 2009). This work supports the hypothesis that the ability to form 3D spatial representations from pictorial depth cues develops at about 6 months of age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of the ability of infants to utilize static cues to create and access representations of object shape

et al. 2010

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“…First, studies investigating illusory contour perception show that an ability to perceive coherent global structure from image fragments based on pictorial information alone emerges at 3 or 4 months of age (Ghim, 1990;Kavšek, 2002;Otsuka, Kanazawa, & Yamaguchi, 2004;Otsuka et al, 2008). Second, some studies suggest that even 3-to 4-month-olds exhibit sensitivity to shading cues and are able to perceive the three-dimensional (3D) structure conveyed by those cues (Bertin & Bhatt, 2006;Bhatt & Waters, 1998). Finally, face recognition studies suggest that infants become sensitive to the basic structure of faces at around this age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Mooney faces by young infants: The role of local feature visibility, contrast polarity, and motion

Otsuka

Hill

Kanazawa

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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We examined the ability of young infants (3- and 4-month-olds) to detect faces in the two-tone images often referred to as Mooney faces. In Experiment 1, this performance was examined in conditions of high and low visibility of local features and with either the presence or absence of the outer head contour. We found that regardless of the presence of the outer head contour, infants preferred upright over inverted two-tone face images only when local features were highly visible (Experiment 1a). We showed that this upright preference disappeared when the contrast polarity of two-tone images was reversed (Experiment 1b), reflecting operation of face-specific mechanisms. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether motion affects infants' perception of faces in Mooney faces. We found that when the faces appeared to be rigidly moving, infants did show an upright preference in conditions of low visibility of local features (Experiment 2a). Again the preference disappeared when the contrast polarity of the image was reversed (Experiment 2b). Together, these results suggest that young infants have the ability to integrate fragmented image features to perceive faces from two-tone face images, especially if they are moving. This suggests that an interaction between motion and form rather than a purely motion-based process (e.g., structure from motion) facilitates infants' perception of faces in ambiguous two-tone images.

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“…In our experiments, we tested whether infants could differentiate one shaded figure from other cast shadow figures, and vice versa. Previous studies explored infants' perception by testing whether they could detect a single discrepant element from homogeneous elements (Bertin & Bhatt, 2006;Bhatt & Bertin, 2001;Bhatt & Waters, 1998;Shirai, Kanazawa, & Yamaguchi, 2005). Shirai et al (2005) tested infants' sensitivity to expansion and contraction in a visual-search task.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, 3-month-old infants have a sensitivity to orientation of cubes depicted by shading and line junction. Bhatt and colleagues' later studies explored infants' sensitivity to the line-junction cue only and to the rotation of 3-D shapes (Bertin & Bhatt, 2006;Bhatt & Bertin, 2001). By using a task such as a visual search, in which a single discrepant element is distinguished from a set of homogeneous elements, previous studies have revealed that the expansion and the orientation change of displays that appear to have 3-D structure for adults can determine infants' looking preference.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infants’ discrimination of shapes from shading and cast shadows

Sato

Kanazawa

Yamaguchi

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Shadows are powerful cues in the perception of shapes. We can perceive shading and cast shadow implicitly. We investigated infants' ability to detect a single discrepant figure that was depicted by shading or cast shadow and examined the influence of the contrast polarity of shadows on this process. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the blur direction of a shadow to create stimuli that appeared either to be partially shaded or to cast a shadow and then used a preference to test whether this difference would allow 5-to 8-month-old infants to discriminate the figures that adults were able to perceive as different shapes. Only 7-to-8-month-old infants could differentiate one shading figure from cast shadow figures, and vice versa. In Experiment 2, we reversed the contrast polarity of the figure (dark object with a light shadow) and tested whether discrimination was affected. As has been found with adults, infants exposed to this condition were unable to discriminate the contrast-reversed shading and cast shadow figures. Our results suggested that an age of around 7 months is important for development of the ability to perceive shape differences from shading and cast shadows.

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Three-month-olds’ sensitivity to orientation cues in the three-dimensional depth plane

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

The development of the ability of infants to utilize static cues to create and access representations of object shape

The development of the ability of infants to utilize static cues to create and access representations of object shape

Perception of Mooney faces by young infants: The role of local feature visibility, contrast polarity, and motion

Infants’ discrimination of shapes from shading and cast shadows

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