The development of the ability of infants to utilize static cues to create and access representations of object shape

Tsuruhara, Aki; Sawada, Tadamasa; Kanazawa, Susumu; Yamaguchi, Masami K.; Corrow, Sherryse; Yonas, Albert

doi:10.1167/10.12.2

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Imura et al (2008) showed that 7-to 8-month-old infants perceived pictorial depth cues defined by shading and line junction as well. Tsuruhara et al (2010) support the hypothesis that the ability to form three-dimensional spatial representations of an object from pictorial depth cues emerges at about 6 to 7 months of age. These findings imply that view perception develops during 6 to 8 months of age.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Three-quarter view preference for three-dimensional objects in 8-month-old infants

et al. 2014

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This study examined infants' visual perception of three-dimensional common objects. It has been reported that human adults perceive object images in a view-dependent manner: three-quarter views are often preferred to other views, and the sensitivity to object orientation is lower for three-quarter views than for other views. We tested whether such characteristics were observed in 6- to 8-month-old infants by measuring their preferential looking behavior. In Experiment 1 we examined 190- to 240-day-olds' sensitivity to orientation change and in Experiment 2 we examined these infants' preferential looking for the three-quarter view. The 240-day-old infants showed a pattern of results similar to adults for some objects, while the 190-day-old infants did not. The 240-day-old infants' perception of object view is (partly) similar to that of adults. These results suggest that human visual perception of three-dimensional objects develops at 6 to 8 months of age.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Three-quarter view preference for three-dimensional objects in 8-month-old infants

et al. 2014

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“…Bhatt & Waters, 1998; Shuwairi, Albert & Johnson, 2007), while other studies could not support this finding (e.g. Tsuruhara et al 2009, 2010). The latter studies might underestimate younger infants’ perceptual abilities, with more demanding tasks such as extracting 3-D form information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…On the other hand, studies using the habituation/dishabituation method (e.g. Tsuruhara et al 2009, 2010) have found evidence of sensitivity to pictorial depth cues around 6-months, but not in younger infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Certain cues, such as shading, provide spatial information when a scene is viewed monocularly and without motion; these depth cues are traditionally referred to as ‘pictorial depth cues.’ Previous developmental studies have provided evidence that infants older than 6 months-of-age have the ability to perceive depth from pictorial cues (e.g. Tsuruhara, Sawada, Kanazawa, Yamaguchi & Yonas, 2009; Tsuruhara, Sawada, Kanazawa, Yamaguchi, Corrow & Yonas, 2010; Yonas, Pettersen & Granrud, 1982). On the other hand, it is less clear whether infants younger than 6 months-of-age are sensitive to pictorial depth information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infants’ ability to respond to depth from the retinal size of human faces: Comparing monocular and binocular preferential-looking

Tsuruhara

Corrow

Kanazawa

et al. 2014

Infant Behavior and Development

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To examine sensitivity to pictorial depth cues in young infants (4 and 5 months-of-age), we compared monocular and binocular preferential looking to a display on which two faces were equidistantly presented and one was larger than the other, depicting depth from the size of human faces. Because human faces vary little in size, the correlation between retinal size and distance can provide depth information. As a result, adults perceive a larger face as closer than a smaller one. Although binocular information for depth provided information that the faces in our display were equidistant, under monocular viewing, no such information was provided. Rather, the size of the faces indicated that one was closer than the other. Infants are known to look longer at apparently closer objects. Therefore, we hypothesized that infants would look longer at a larger face in the monocular than in the binocular condition if they perceived depth from the size of human faces. Because the displays were identical in the two conditions, any difference in looking-behavior between monocular and binocular viewing indicated sensitivity to depth information. Results showed that 5-month-old infants preferred the larger, apparently closer, face in the monocular condition compared to the binocular condition when static displays were presented. In addition, when presented with a dynamic display, 4-month-old infants showed a stronger ‘closer’ preference in the monocular condition compared to the binocular condition. This was not the case when the faces were inverted. These results suggest that even 4-month-old infants respond to depth information from a depth cue that may require learning, the size of faces.

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“…They documented that 7-month-old infants preferred to reach for the object that was perceived from shadings or cast shadows as being nearer. Additionally, a previous study used looking behavior to show that 6-to 7-month-old infants can represent 3-D shapes from pictorial depth cues (i.e., shadings; Tsuruhara et al, 2010;Tsuruhara, Sawada, Kanazawa, Yamaguchi, & Yonas, 2009). Tsuruhara and her colleagues used a transfer-across-cue paradigm to test infants' ability to represent 3-D shapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants’ discrimination of shapes from shading and cast shadows

Sato

Kanazawa

Yamaguchi

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Shadows are powerful cues in the perception of shapes. We can perceive shading and cast shadow implicitly. We investigated infants' ability to detect a single discrepant figure that was depicted by shading or cast shadow and examined the influence of the contrast polarity of shadows on this process. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the blur direction of a shadow to create stimuli that appeared either to be partially shaded or to cast a shadow and then used a preference to test whether this difference would allow 5-to 8-month-old infants to discriminate the figures that adults were able to perceive as different shapes. Only 7-to-8-month-old infants could differentiate one shading figure from cast shadow figures, and vice versa. In Experiment 2, we reversed the contrast polarity of the figure (dark object with a light shadow) and tested whether discrimination was affected. As has been found with adults, infants exposed to this condition were unable to discriminate the contrast-reversed shading and cast shadow figures. Our results suggested that an age of around 7 months is important for development of the ability to perceive shape differences from shading and cast shadows.

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The development of the ability of infants to utilize static cues to create and access representations of object shape

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Three-quarter view preference for three-dimensional objects in 8-month-old infants

Three-quarter view preference for three-dimensional objects in 8-month-old infants

Infants’ ability to respond to depth from the retinal size of human faces: Comparing monocular and binocular preferential-looking

Infants’ discrimination of shapes from shading and cast shadows

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