Infection by <i>Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi</i> causes intestinal changes B‐1 cells dependent

Souza, Karine Delgado; Fernandes, Ellenn Pollyanna Alexandre; Santos, Amanda Gubert Alves dos; Lima, Lainy Leiny de; Gonzaga, Wagner Francisco Kennerly Marcondes; Xander, Patrícia; Nogueira-Melo, Gessilda de Alcântara; Sant’Ana, Débora de Mello Gonçales

doi:10.1111/pim.12661

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A study revealed that BALB/c mice inoculated intravenously with amastigotes of L. infantum (chagasi) exhibited atrophy of the ileum wall after 45 days of infection. (32) In addition, hamsters and mice inoculated with other species of Leishmania also revealed morphometric changes in the IT. (23,24) Alterations in the ENS have been described in other infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigating associations between intestinal alterations and parasite load according to Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. abundance in the gut microbiota of hamsters infected by Leishmania infantum

Passos

Góis

Sousa

et al. 2020

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical neglected disease with high associated rates of mortality. Several studies have highlighted the importance of the intestinal tract (IT) and gut microbiota (GM) in the host immunological defense. Data in the literature on parasite life cycle and host immune defense against VL are scarce regarding the effects of infection on the IT and GM. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate changes observed in the colon of Leishmania infantum-infected hamsters, including alterations in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and GM (specifically, levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli). METHODS Male hamsters were inoculated with L. infantum and euthanised at four or eight months post-infection. Intestines were processed for histological analysis and GM analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to quantify each group of bacteria: Bifidobacterium spp. (Bf) and Lactobacillus spp (LacB). FINDINGS Infected hamsters showed histoarchitectural loss in the colon wall, with increased thickness in the submucosa and the mucosa layer, as well as greater numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Forms suggestive of amastigotes were seen inside mononuclear cells. L. infantum infection induced changes in ENS, as evidenced by increases in the area of colonic enteric ganglia. Despite the absence of changes in the levels of Bf and LacB during the course of infection, the relative abundance of these bacteria was associated with parasite load and histological alterations. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that L. infantum infection leads to important changes in the colon and suggest that bacteria in the GM play a protective role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigating associations between intestinal alterations and parasite load according to Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. abundance in the gut microbiota of hamsters infected by Leishmania infantum

Passos

Góis

Sousa

et al. 2020

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…It was also demonstrated that the infection induces differences in intestinal compartment from mice. While BALB/c mice present decrease in the thickness of the submucosa and circular layer, BALB/Xid mice present increased thickness in those sites, but the repopulation with B-1 reduces the increase index in these mice (Figure 2A) (Souza et al, 2019). Besides that, the infection also caused impaired quantitative goblet cells change, in the sialomucins and sulphomucins-producing goblet cells and in the number of Paneth cells (Figure 2A) (Souza et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Role Of B-1 Cell During Leishmania Infantum Infectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

How to B(e)-1 Important Cell During Leishmania Infection

Firmino-Cruz

Decotè-Ricardo

Gomes

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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B-1 cells are an innate-like population of B lymphocytes that are subdivided into B-1a and B-1b distinguished by the presence or absence of CD5, respectively. B-1 cells can act as regulatory B cells, are able to present antigen and produce IL-10. Leishmaniasis in humans is a complex of diseases caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. More than 20 species can infect humans, with each species causing the development of different immunological responses in the host. Susceptibility is usually related to the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines while the production of Th1 cytokines is indicative of resistance. However, few studies have attempted to evaluate the role of B-1 cells during either the in vivo infection or in vitro interaction with Leishmania parasites. In vivo studies were performed using XID mice model, BALB/Xid mice have a mutation in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase, which is an important enzyme for developing B-1 and maturing B-2 lymphocytes leading to the presence of immature B-2 cells. Here, we compile these studies and assess the influence of B-1 cells on disease progression with different Leishmania species.

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“…The effect of Leishmania infection in the gastrointestinal tract is the topic of studies that evaluated different segments of the intestine of dogs (Figueiredo et al, 2014;Silva et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2018) and rodents (Souza et al, 2019;Lewis et al, 2020;Passos et al, 2020) with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In human VL, the presence of amastigote forms in intestinal tissues may be related to episodes of diarrhea (Baba et al, 2006;Soria Loṕez et al, 2016;Raina et al, 2017) or not (Chattopadhyay et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

A New Target Organ of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Chronic Infection: The Intestine

Santos

Silva

Carneiro

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is one of the main causes of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas. This species presents genetic polymorphism that can cause destructive lesions in oral, nasal, and oropharyngeal tracts. In a previous study, the parasite caused several histopathological changes to hamster ileums. Our study evaluates immune response components, morphological changes, and effects on neurons in the ileums of hamsters infected by three different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis in two infection periods. For the experiment, we separated hamsters into four groups: a control group and three infected groups. Infected hamsters were euthanized 90- or 120-days post infection. We used three strains of L. (V.) braziliensis: the reference MHOM/BR/1975/M2903 and two strains isolated from patients who had different responses to Glucantime® treatment (MHOM/BR/2003/2314 and MHOM/BR/2000/1655). After laparotomy, ileums were collected for histological processing, biochemical analysis, and evaluation of neurons in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The results demonstrated the increase of blood leukocytes after the infection. Optical microscopy analysis showed histopathological changes with inflammatory infiltrates, edemas, ganglionitis, and Leishmania amastigotes in the ileums of infected hamsters. We observed changes in the organ histoarchitecture of infected hamsters when compared to control groups, such as thicker muscular and submucosa layers, deeper and wider crypts, and taller and broader villi. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and TGF-β-immunoreactive cells increased in all infected groups when compared to the control groups. Mast cells increased with longer infection periods. The infection also caused remodeling of intestinal collagen and morphometry of myenteric and submucosal plexus neurons; but this effect was dependent on infection duration. Our results show that L. (V.) braziliensis infection caused time-dependent alterations in hamster ileums. This was demonstrated by the reduction of inflammatory cells and the increase of tissue regeneration factors at 120 days of infection. The infected groups demonstrated different profiles in organ histoarchitecture, migration of immune cells, and morphometry of ENS neurons. These findings suggest that the small intestine (or at least the ileum) is a target organ for L. (V.) braziliensis infection, as the infection caused changes that were dependent on duration and strain.

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Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi causes intestinal changes B‐1 cells dependent

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Investigating associations between intestinal alterations and parasite load according to Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. abundance in the gut microbiota of hamsters infected by Leishmania infantum

Investigating associations between intestinal alterations and parasite load according to Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. abundance in the gut microbiota of hamsters infected by Leishmania infantum

How to B(e)-1 Important Cell During Leishmania Infection

A New Target Organ of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Chronic Infection: The Intestine

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