Infection of chickens with antimicrobial-resistant<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Typhimurium DT193 and monophasic<i>Salmonella</i>Typhimurium-like variants: an emerging risk to the poultry industry?

Parsons, Bryony; Crayford, Georgina; Humphrey, Tom J.; Wigley, Paul

doi:10.1080/03079457.2013.822469

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with those of previous in vivo challenge studies, which have highlighted no difference in the internal organ colonization and cloacal shedding between chickens infected with SE and ST (Shaffer et al, 1957;Keller et al, 1997). A recent study in 8-day-old specific pathogen free broiler chickens also showed that ST, 4, 5, 12:i:-and 4, 12:i:-can colonize the intestines of chickens and are able to invade systemic sites (Parsons et al, 2013). The findings from this study and from published in vivo studies, however, are generated by a high-dose challenge and might therefore not be comparable with natural infections, where contamination usually involves low numbers of organisms, at least in most cases (Wales & Davies, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Characterization of the invasiveness of monophasic and aphasicSalmonellaTyphimurium strains in 1-day-old and point-of-lay chickens

et al. 2014

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Egg-related outbreaks of salmonellosis are a significant health concern. Although Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is the major egg-associated serotype, Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) can also infect the hen's reproductive tract and contaminate eggs. Recently, monophasic and aphasic variants of ST have been reported with increased frequency in Europe, and the isolation of these variants from laying flocks triggers the same legislative restrictions associated with biphasic ST strains. However, little is known about the colonization, invasiveness and persistence of monophasic and aphasic ST strains in laying hens. In this study, seven groups of 1-day-old and point-of-lay commercial Hy-line chicken layers were separately challenged with four different strains of monophasic ST, one aphasic ST, one biphasic ST and one egg-invasive SE strain. Tissue samples and cloacal swabs (point-of-lay chickens only) were collected at regular intervals post challenge in order to recover the Salmonella challenge strains. In 1-day-old chicks, only the aphasic ST strain and the SE strain were recovered after direct plating, suggesting that the number of salmonellas colonizing the tissues of the chicks infected with the other strains was likely to be low. Interestingly, all of the strains colonized well in the point-of-lay chickens, and there was no statistical difference in the overall number of positive samples or Salmonella counts between the seven strains. Salmonella was recovered from the point-of-lay birds to the end of the study (20 days after challenge). Monophasic and aphasic ST strains colonized point-of-lay birds as efficiently as biphasic ST and SE strains. Further studies are necessary to estimate the invasiveness of these strains in naturally-infected vaccinated laying hens, and to assess the impact of natural infection on egg contamination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Characterization of the invasiveness of monophasic and aphasicSalmonellaTyphimurium strains in 1-day-old and point-of-lay chickens

et al. 2014

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“…Feral pigeons may serve as a source of infection for passerines especially in high aggregation areas such as bird feeding stations. DT193 is commonly associated with human infections [ 33 , 40 – 44 ]. Additionally, this phage type has also been associated with disease outbreaks in birds on a few occasions [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Typhimurium DT193 and DT99 are present in great and blue tits in Flanders, Belgium

et al. 2017

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Endemic infections with the common avian pathogen Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) may incur a significant cost on the host population. In this study, we determined the potential of endemic Salmonella infections to reduce the reproductive success of blue (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great (Parus major) tits by correlating eggshell infection with reproductive parameters. The fifth egg of each clutch was collected from nest boxes in 19 deciduous forest fragments. Out of the 101 sampled eggs, 7 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were recovered. The low bacterial prevalence was reflected by a similarly low serological prevalence in the fledglings. In this study with a relatively small sample size, presence of Salmonella did not affect reproductive parameters (egg volume, clutch size, number of nestlings and number of fledglings), nor the health status of the fledglings. However, in order to clarify the impact on health and reproduction a larger number of samples have to be analyzed. Phage typing showed that the isolates belonged to the definitive phage types (DT) 193 and 99, and multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) demonstrated a high similarity among the tit isolates, but distinction to human isolates. These findings suggest the presence of passerine-adapted Salmonella strains in free-ranging tit populations with host pathogen co-existence.

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“…Similarly, previous work in our laboratory has shown that these isolates are capable of colonizing the caeca of chickens (Parsons et al, 2013). Monophasic and biphasic variants of S. Typhimurium phage type DT193 have both been shown to survive longer in pig faeces than other serotypes, which may facilitate transmission and therefore contribute to their increased prevalence (Rajtak et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, analysis of 4, [5],12:i:-strains has been based largely on molecular typing. There has been little investigation of the pathogenicity of monophasic or biphasic DT193 isolates, except for two poultry-infection studies (Martelli et al, 2014;Parsons et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monophasic expression of FliC by Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- DT193 does not alter its pathogenicity during infection of porcine intestinal epithelial cells

et al. 2014

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Non-typhoidal serotypes of Salmonella enterica remain important food-borne pathogens worldwide and the frequent emergence of epidemic strains in food-producing animals is a risk to public health. In recent years, Salmonella 4, [5],12:i:-isolates, expressing only phase 1 (FliC) of the two flagellar antigens, have emerged and increased in prevalence worldwide. In Europe, the majority of 4, [5],12:i:-isolates belong to phage types DT193 and DT120 of Salmonella Typhimurium and pigs have been identified as the reservoir species. In this study we investigated the ability of pig-derived monophasic (4, [5],12:i:-) and biphasic DT193 isolates to invade a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-1) and activate TLR-5, IL-8 and caspases. We found that the 4,[5],12:i:-isolates exhibited comparable adhesion and invasion to that of the virulent S. Typhimurium isolate 4/74, suggesting that these strains could be capable of colonizing the small intestine of pigs in vivo. Infection with 4, [5],12:i:-and biphasic DT193 isolates resulted in approximately the same level of TLR-5 (a flagellin receptor) and IL-8 (a proinflammatory chemokine) mRNA upregulation. The monophasic variants also elicited similar levels of caspase activation and cytotoxicity to the phase-variable DT193 isolates. These findings suggest that failure of 4, [5],12:i:-DT193 isolates to express a second phase of flagellar antigen (FljB) is unlikely to hamper their pathogenicity during colonization of the porcine intestinal tract.

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Infection of chickens with antimicrobial-resistantSalmonella entericaTyphimurium DT193 and monophasicSalmonellaTyphimurium-like variants: an emerging risk to the poultry industry?

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Characterization of the invasiveness of monophasic and aphasicSalmonellaTyphimurium strains in 1-day-old and point-of-lay chickens

Characterization of the invasiveness of monophasic and aphasicSalmonellaTyphimurium strains in 1-day-old and point-of-lay chickens

Salmonella Typhimurium DT193 and DT99 are present in great and blue tits in Flanders, Belgium

Monophasic expression of FliC by Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- DT193 does not alter its pathogenicity during infection of porcine intestinal epithelial cells

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