Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2

Sit, Thomas H. C.; Brackman, Christopher J.; Ip, Sin Ming; Tam, Karina W. S.; Law, Pierra Y.; To, Esther M. W.; Yu, Veronica Y. T.; Sims, L. D.; Tsang, Dnc; Chu, Daniel K.W.; Perera, Ranawaka A.P.M.; Poon, Leo L M; Peiris, Malik

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2334-5

Cited by 663 publications

(815 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Indeed, SARS-CoV-2 is already responsible for infections in various animal species. SARS-CoV-2 genomes [16,17] have been isolated from natural infections in zoo lions and tigers [15], companion animals including cats and dogs [60,61] and following widespread outbreaks in multiple mink farms in the Netherlands resulting in mass culling [62] (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals

Bordin

Waman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 has a zoonotic origin and was transmitted to humans via an undetermined intermediate host, leading to infections in humans and other mammals. To enter host cells, the viral spike protein (S-protein) binds to its receptor, ACE2, and is then processed by TMPRSS2. Whilst receptor binding contributes to the viral host range, S-protein:ACE2 complexes from other animals have not been investigated widely. To predict infection risks, we modelled S-protein:ACE2 complexes from 215 vertebrate species, calculated their relative energies, correlated these energies to COVID-19 infection data, and analysed structural interactions. We predict that known mutations are more detrimental in ACE2 than TMPRSS2. Finally, we demonstrate phylogenetically that human SARS-CoV-2 strains have been isolated in animals. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can infect a broad range of mammals, but not fish, birds or reptiles. Susceptible animals could serve as reservoirs of the virus, necessitating careful ongoing animal management and surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals

Bordin

Waman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The bat has been proposed to be the original host of SARS-CoV-2 5 , however, the transmission from bats to humans requires some intermediate hosts. Several studies have linked pangolins, cats, dogs and hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] , indicating the potential widespread prevalence across animals, which would post potential threats to humans. The identification of the origin of this virus and its path to becoming a deadly human pathogen is needed to understand how such processes occur in nature and identify ways we can prevent the onset of these types of global crises in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-cell screening of SARS-CoV-2 target cells in pets, livestock, poultry and wildlife

Chen

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Given experimental evidence for susceptibility of humans, house cats, tigers, lions, rhesus macaques, and Golden Syrian hamsters to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and experimental evidence for non-susceptibility of mice, ducks, and chickens, [3][4][5]7,[9][10][11]19 we performed protein sequence alignment of ACE2 from these organisms using MAFFT (Extended Data Figure 1). 20 We also included species with intermediate susceptibility, including dogs, pigs, and ferrets, 5,9,12 as well as species with unknown susceptibility, including camels, horses, Malayan pangolin, and sheep. The degree of similarity of ACE2 protein sequences largely fell along expected phylogenetic relationships among species (Extended Data Figure 2).…”

Section: Susceptibility Does Not Segregate According To Phylogeny Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 In addition, although dogs failed to exhibit infection of the respiratory tract and appear asymptomatic, a minority of experimentally or environmentally exposed dogs exhibited evidence of infection by SARS-CoV-2 PCR or SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion with production of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. 5,12 While pigs have not demonstrated evidence of infection after intranasal inoculation, overexpression of swine ACE2 in cultured cells supports some degree of viral entry. 5,9,13 Hence, ferrets, dogs, and pigs are classified as having intermediate susceptibility to infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which animals are at risk? Predicting species susceptibility to Covid-19

Alexander

Schoeder

Brown

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In only a few months, the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic, leaving physicians, scientists, and public health officials racing to understand, treat, and contain this zoonotic disease. SARS-CoV-2 has made the leap from animals to humans, but little is known about variations in species susceptibility that could identify potential reservoir species, animal models, and the risk to pets, wildlife, and livestock. While there is evidence that certain species, such as cats, are susceptible, the vast majority of animal species, including those in close contact with humans, have unknown susceptibility. Hence, methods to predict their infection risk are urgently needed. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is critical for viral cell entry and infection. Here we identified key ACE2 residues that distinguish susceptible from resistant species using in-depth sequence and structural analyses of ACE2 and its binding to SARS-CoV-2. Our findings have important implications for identification of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 residues for therapeutic targeting and identification of animal species with increased susceptibility for infection on which to focus research and protection measures for environmental and public health.

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Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 663 publications

References 10 publications

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals

Single-cell screening of SARS-CoV-2 target cells in pets, livestock, poultry and wildlife

Which animals are at risk? Predicting species susceptibility to Covid-19

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