Single-cell screening of SARS-CoV-2 target cells in pets, livestock, poultry and wildlife

Chen, Dongsheng; Sun, Jian; Zhu, Jiacheng; Ding, Xiangning; Zhu, Linnan; Xiang, Rong; Ding, Peiwen; Wang, Haoyu; Wang, Xiaoling; Wu, Weiying; Qiu, Jiaying; Wang, Shiyou; Li, Haimeng; An, Fuyu; Bao, Heng; Zhang, Le; Han, Lei; Zhu, Yixin; Wang, Xiran; Wang, Fei‐Yue; Yuan, Yuting; Wu, Wenlong; Sun, Chengcheng; Lu, Haorong; Wu, Jihong; Sun, Xinghuai; Zhang, Shenghai; Sahu, Sunil Kumar; Chen, Hạixia; Fang, Dongming; Luo, Lihua; Zeng, Yuying; Wu, Youmei; Cui, Ze-Hua; He, Qian; Jiang, Sanjie; Ma, Xiaoyan; Feng, Weimin; Xu, Yan; Li, Fang; Liu, Zhongmin; Chen, Lei; Chen, Fang; Jin, Xin; Qiu, Wei; Yang, Huanming; Wang, Jian; Hua, Yan; Liu, Yahong; Liu, Huan; Xu, Xun

doi:10.1101/2020.06.13.149690

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The low susceptibility of animals is probably attributed to restricting host-factors, e.g., functional ACE2 and specific proteases. A recent study has shown that the proportions of cells carrying both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were high in cats, low in pigs, very rare in dogs and absent in chickens [ 163 ]. (5) To date, anthroponotic transmission is the main pathways for the infection and fatalities caused by SARS-CoV-2 in few companion and zoo animals, and no strong evidence for natural animal-to-human transmission, except for mink, which remains to be confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Animal Hosts

2020

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COVID-19 is the first known pandemic caused by a coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which is the third virus in the family Coronaviridae to cause fatal infections in humans after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Animals are involved in the COVID-19 pandemic. This review summarizes the role of animals as reservoirs, natural hosts and experimental models. SARS-CoV-2 originated from animal reservoir, most likely bats and/or pangolins. Anthroponotic transmission has been reported in cats, dogs, tigers, lions and minks. As of now, there is no a strong evidence for natural animal-to-human transmission or sustained animal-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Experimental infections conducted by several research groups have shown that monkeys, hamsters, ferrets, cats, tree shrews, transgenic mice and fruit bats were permissive, while dogs, pigs and poultry were resistant. There is an urgent need to understand the zoonotic potential of different viruses in animals, particularly in bats, before they transmit to humans. Vaccines or antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 should be evaluated not only for humans, but also for the protection of companion animals (particularly cats) and susceptible zoo and farm animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Animal Hosts

2020

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“…However, the experimental SARS-CoV infection was via simultaneous intranasal/oral/intraocular/ intravenous inoculation [29], thus the actual route(s) of SARS-CoV infection cannot be determined. Recently, several porcine cell lines have been shown to be permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection [26,33]; in addition, single-cell screening studies showed that porcine ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression are compatible with infection [32]. In contrast to previous reports that some porcine cell lines are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but show no CPE [26,33], we found that both ST and PK-15 cell lines are susceptible to infection and observed CPE after two or four passages, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structure-based analyses predict that the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein receptor binding domain (RBD) binds the pig angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) entry receptor with similar efficiency compared to human ACE2 [31]. Single-cell screening also indicates that pigs co-express ACE2 and the protease TMPRSS2 (viral activating factor) in a variety of different cell lines, and SARS-CoV-2 replicates in various pig cell lines [2,26,32,33]. Despite these preliminary data indicating that pigs could be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, two recent studies revealed that intranasal inoculation of three and twelve pigs, respectively, with 10 5 pfu or TCID 50 of SARS-CoV-2 did not lead to any detectable viral replication or seroconversion [22,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2

Meekins

Morozov

Trujillo

et al. 2020

Emerging Microbes & Infections

117

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic consequences. The susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 is of concern due to the potential for interspecies transmission, and the requirement for pre-clinical animal models to develop effective countermeasures. In the current study, we determined the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to (i) replicate in porcine cell lines, (ii) establish infection in domestic pigs via experimental oral/intranasal/intratracheal inoculation, and (iii) transmit to co-housed naïve sentinel pigs. SARS-CoV-2 was able to replicate in two different porcine cell lines with cytopathic effects. Interestingly, none of the SARS-CoV-2-inoculated pigs showed evidence of clinical signs, viral replication or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses. Moreover, none of the sentinel pigs displayed markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data indicate that although different porcine cell lines are permissive to SARS-CoV-2, five-week old pigs are not susceptible to infection via oral/ intranasal/intratracheal challenge. Pigs are therefore unlikely to be significant carriers of SARS-CoV-2 and are not a suitable pre-clinical animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis or efficacy of respective vaccines or therapeutics.

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“…However, the experimental SARS-CoV-1 infection was via simultaneous intranasal/oral/intraocular/intravenous inoculation [29], thus the actual route(s) of SARS-CoV infection cannot be determined. Recently, several porcine cell lines have been shown to be permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection [26,33]; in addition, single-cell screening studies showed that porcine ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression are compatible with infection [32]. In contrast to previous reports that some porcine cell lines are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but show no CPE [26,33], we found that both ST and PK-15 cell lines are susceptible to infection and observed CPE after two or four passages, respectively.…”

Section: Absence Of Immune Response In Sars-cov-2-inoculated Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structure-based analyses predict that the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein receptor binding domain (RBD) binds the pig angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) entry receptor with similar efficiency compared to human ACE2 [31]. Single-cell screening also indicated that pigs co-express ACE2 and the TMPRSS2 activating factor in a variety of different cell lines, and SARS-CoV-2 replicates in various pig cell lines [2,26,32,33]. Despite these preliminary data indicating that pigs could be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, two recent studies revealed that intranasal inoculation of three and twelve pigs, respectively, with 10 5 pfu or TCID50 of SARS-CoV-2 did not lead to any detectable viral replication or seroconversion [22,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2

Meekins¹,

Morozov²,

Trujillo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic consequences. The susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 is of concern due to the potential for interspecies transmission, and the requirement for pre-clinical animal models to develop effective countermeasures. In the current study, we determined the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to (i) replicate in porcine cell lines, (ii) establish infection in domestic pigs via experimental oral/intranasal/intratracheal inoculation, and (iii) transmit to co-housed naive sentinel pigs. SARS-CoV-2 was able to replicate in two different porcine cell lines with cytopathic effects. Interestingly, none of the SARS-CoV-2-inoculated pigs showed evidence of clinical signs, viral replication or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses. Moreover, none of the sentinel pigs displayed markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data indicate that although different porcine cell lines are permissive to SARS-CoV-2, five-week old pigs are not susceptible to infection via oral/intranasal/intratracheal challenge. Pigs are therefore unlikely to be significant carriers of SARS-CoV-2 and are not a suitable pre-clinical animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis or efficacy of respective vaccines or therapeutics.

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Single-cell screening of SARS-CoV-2 target cells in pets, livestock, poultry and wildlife

Abstract: A few animals have been suspected to be intermediate hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, a large-scale

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Animal Hosts

Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Animal Hosts

Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2

Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2

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