Infection ofMelanoplus sanguinipesGrasshoppers following Ingestion of Rangeland Plant Species Harboring Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Drolet, Barbara S.; Stuart, Melissa A.; Derner, Justin D.

doi:10.1128/aem.02368-08

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Under more natural conditions, VSNJV can remain viable in infected saliva on pails or food buckets for 3Ð 4 d (Hanson 1952). Drolet et al (2009) demonstrated that viable virus can be recovered from plant surfaces up to 24 h after surface inoculation and maintenance at room temperature. Stability of VSNJV on the mouthparts or exterior surfaces of insects has not been fully investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mechanical Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus by Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) to Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa)

Smith

Howerth

Carter

et al. 2009

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Biting flies have been suggested as mechanical vectors of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey Virus (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Vesiculovirus, VSNJV) in livestock populations during epidemic outbreaks in the western United States. We conducted a proof-of-concept study to determine whether biting flies could mechanically transmit VSNJV to livestock by using a black fly, Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt (Diptera: Simuliidae), domestic swine, Sus scrofa L., model. Black flies mechanically transmitted VSNJV to a naive host after interrupted feeding on a vesicular lesion on a previously infected host. Transmission resulted in clinical disease in the naïve host. This is the first demonstration of mechanical transmission of VSNJV to livestock by insects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mechanical Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus by Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) to Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa)

Smith

Howerth

Carter

et al. 2009

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“…Natural hosts include horses, cattle, pigs and a range of other mammals and their insect vectors. Among livestock, WT VSV outbreaks occur seasonally and most infections are non-lethal, manifesting as fever and blister-like lesions of the oral cavity, feet and teats (Drolet et al , 2009; Hansen et al , 1985). In general, pre-existing immunity to VSV in human populations is very low, and VSV infection in humans is generally asymptomatic and limited to agricultural and laboratory workers (Lyles & Rupprecht, 2007).…”

Section: Vsv Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicular stomatitis virus as a flexible platform for oncolytic virotherapy against cancer

Hastie

Grdzelishvili

2012

Journal of General Virology

185

174

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Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is an emerging anti-cancer approach that utilizes viruses to preferentially infect and kill cancer cells, while not harming healthy cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a prototypic non-segmented, negative-strand RNA virus with inherent OV qualities. Antiviral responses induced by type I interferon pathways are believed to be impaired in most cancer cells, making them more susceptible to VSV than normal cells. Several other factors make VSV a promising OV candidate for clinical use, including its well-studied biology, a small, easily manipulated genome, relative independence of a receptor or cell cycle, cytoplasmic replication without risk of host-cell transformation, and lack of pre-existing immunity in humans. Moreover, various VSV-based recombinant viruses have been engineered via reverse genetics to improve oncoselectivity, safety, oncotoxicity and stimulation of tumour-specific immunity. Alternative delivery methods are also being studied to minimize premature immune clearance of VSV. OV treatment as a monotherapy is being explored, although many studies have employed VSV in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or other OVs. Preclinical studies with various cancers have demonstrated that VSV is a promising OV; as a result, a human clinical trial using VSV is currently in progress.

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“…However, viral encephalitis has been reported in a 3-year-old child in Panama (Quiroz et al, 1988). In nature, VSV can be transmitted to mammalian hosts by arthropod vectors that include sandflies, houseflies, and mosquitos, or direct contact with infected animals (Bergold et al, 1968; Cupp et al, 1992; Drolet et al, 2005, 2009; Letchworth et al, 1999; Mead et al, 2004; Tesh et al, 1971). Experimental studies of VSV pathology have reported varied outcomes dependent on the route of administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and altering cell tropism of vesicular stomatitis virus

Hastie¹,

Cataldi²,

Marriott³

et al. 2013

Virus Research

117

116

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Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a prototypic nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus. VSV’s broad cell tropism makes it a popular model virus for many basic research applications. In addition, a lack of preexisting human immunity against VSV, inherent oncotropism and other features make VSV a widely used platform for vaccine and oncolytic vectors. However, VSV’s neurotropism that can result in viral encephalitis in experimental animals needs to be addressed for the use of the virus as a safe vector. Therefore, it is very important to understand the determinants of VSV tropism and develop strategies to alter it. VSV glycoprotein (G) and matrix (M) protein play major roles in its cell tropism. VSV G protein is responsible for VSV broad cell tropism and is often used for pseudotyping other viruses. VSV M affects cell tropism via evasion of antiviral responses, and M mutants can be used to limit cell tropism to cell types defective in interferon signaling. In addition, other VSV proteins and host proteins may function as determinants of VSV cell tropism. Various approaches have been successfully used to alter VSV tropism to benefit basic research and clinically relevant applications.

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Infection ofMelanoplus sanguinipesGrasshoppers following Ingestion of Rangeland Plant Species Harboring Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Mechanical Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus by <I>Simulium vittatum</I> (Diptera: Simuliidae) to Domestic Swine (<I>Sus scrofa</I>)

Mechanical Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus by <I>Simulium vittatum</I> (Diptera: Simuliidae) to Domestic Swine (<I>Sus scrofa</I>)

Vesicular stomatitis virus as a flexible platform for oncolytic virotherapy against cancer

Understanding and altering cell tropism of vesicular stomatitis virus

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