Infection of rootstock mother-vines byPhaeomoniella chlamydosporaresults in infected young grapevines

Fungal Trunk Pathogens in the Grapevine Propagation Process: Potential Inoculum Sources, Detection, Identification, and Management Strategies

“…Detection of fungi involved in young vine decline and their spread through propagation material has been of particular concern for researchers. The subsequent increase in studies on this aspect has led to the conclusion that planting material is already infected in young vineyards, either systemically from infected mother vines (13,40,53,58,59,80,146,152,161,164,166,186,227) or by contamination during the propagation process (12,13,20,22,66,73,106,154,164,210,212,225,230,232).…”

“…It has therefore been hypothesized that spores are carried in sap flow of infected mother plants, which causes the subsequent contamination of canes (42,170). The ability of Pa. chlamydospora to move from the retained rootstock mother-vine trunk or head into current season's growth was investigated by determining disease levels in own-rooted rootstock vines propagated from cuttings collected at different distances from the head (227). Vines from dormant cuttings collected nearest the head had a higher level of infection at the 8-month assessment (42%) than those collected from further away (6 to 8%).…”

“…Surveys of rootstock mother plants as a source of Petri disease pathogens have been focused mainly on the detection of Pa. chlamydospora (1,58,59,104,152,154,163,164,186,227). Species of Phaeoacremonium, mainly Pm.…”

Evaluation of the grapevine nursery propagation process as a source of Phaeoacremonium spp. and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and occurrence of trunk disease pathogens in rootstock mother vines in Spain

“…Moreover, it has been suggested that infection of new plants may also occur in the grafting process in nurseries (Mugnai et al 1999;Halleen et al 2003). Surveys performed in French, Italian, New Zealand and South African grapevine nurseries showed that Pa. chlamydospora DNA was detectable in water from pre-storage rehydration tanks, pre-grafting hydration tanks, washings from grafting tools, callusing media or vineyard soils (Whiteman et al 2004(Whiteman et al , 2007Damm and Fourie 2005;Retief et al 2006;Pollastro et al 2009;Vigues et al 2008).…”

“…Surveys of diseased young grapevine plants suggest that grapevine propagating material used for new grafted plants is mainly infected with fungi involved in Petri disease (caused by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and several Phaeoacremonium species) and also by other fungal trunk pathogens (Ridgway et al 2002;Halleen et al 2003;Fourie and Halleen 2004a;Aroca et al 2006;Giménez-Jaime et al 2006;Retief et al 2006;Whiteman et al 2007;Zanzotto et al 2007). Moreover, it has been suggested that infection of new plants may also occur in the grafting process in nurseries (Mugnai et al 1999;Halleen et al 2003).…”