Infection with classical swine fever virus: effects on phenotype and immune responsiveness of porcine T lymphocytes.

Pauly, Thomas H.; König, Martin; Hj, Thiel; Saalmüller, Armin

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-79-1-31

Cited by 58 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…50 Considerable functional alterations of T lymphocytes have been demonstrated in CSF. 36,47,48 B cells are therefore deprived of the protection they would otherwise enjoy during the course of the disease, which may aggravate the apoptosis observed in B cells in the spleen during CSF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Thrombocytopenia in Spleen during Classical Swine Fever: Role of Macrophages and Cytokines

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Thirty-two Large White ϫ Landrace pigs, 4 months old, were inoculated with the classical swine fever (CSF) or hog cholera virus strain ''Alfort'' in order to identify the mechanism responsible for the lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia observed in the spleen during the experimental induction of disease, by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques. Results showed a progressive depletion of splenic lymphoid structures and evidence of platelet aggregation processes. Lymphoid depletion was due to lymphocyte apoptosis, which could not be ascribed to the direct action of the virus on these cells; direct virus action could play only a secondary role in the death of these cells. Absence of severe tissue and endothelial damage, together with moderate procoagulant cytokine levels in the serum, suggest that these pathologies can be ruled out as the cause of platelet aggregation and thrombocytopenia in CSF. Monocyte/macrophages were the main target cells for the CSF virus, and they exhibited phagocytic and secretory activation leading to the synthesis and release of tumor necrosis factor ␣, which proved to be the chief mediator, followed by IL-6, IL-1␣, and C1q complement component. In view of their characteristics, TNF-␣ and, to a lesser extent, IL-1␣ and IL-6 appear to be the major cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia; a clear spatial and temporal relationship was observed between these two phenomena.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Thrombocytopenia in Spleen during Classical Swine Fever: Role of Macrophages and Cytokines

et al. 2005

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“…Here further replication takes place and the virus is spread via blood to secondary replication sites such as spleen, bone marrow, and visceral lymph nodes [133,134,135]. Apoptotic reactions as well as phagocytic and secretory activation can be observed in several macrophage populations [136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144]. These activated macrophages seem to play a crucial role in (immuno-)pathogenesis while direct damage by the virus could be almost excluded for many lesions occurring in the course of CSFV infection.…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review

Blome

Staubach

Henke

et al. 2017

Viruses

211

217

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Classical swine fever (CSF) remains one of the most important transboundary viral diseases of swine worldwide. The causative agent is CSF virus, a small, enveloped RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus. Based on partial sequences, three genotypes can be distinguished that do not, however, directly correlate with virulence. Depending on both virus and host factors, a wide range of clinical syndromes can be observed and thus, laboratory confirmation is mandatory. To this means, both direct and indirect methods are utilized with an increasing degree of commercialization. Both infections in domestic pigs and wild boar are of great relevance; and wild boars are a reservoir host transmitting the virus sporadically also to pig farms. Control strategies for epidemic outbreaks in free countries are mainly based on classical intervention measures; i.e., quarantine and strict culling of affected herds. In these countries, vaccination is only an emergency option. However, live vaccines are used for controlling the disease in endemically infected regions in Asia, Eastern Europe, the Americas, and some African countries. Here, we will provide a concise, updated review on virus properties, clinical signs and pathology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and immune responses, diagnosis and vaccination possibilities.

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“…Depletion of peripheral B and T lymphocytes, with a preferential B lymphocyte deficiency in the circulatory system as well as in lymphoid tissues, has been described during CSFV infection (Susa et al, 1992;Summerfield et al, 1998a). A decrease in T lymphocyte activity (Pauly et al, 1998) and regressive changes in lymphoid organs during CSF (Summerfield et al, 2000(Summerfield et al, , 2001Sánchez-Cordó n et al, 2002 have also been observed. Inhibition of both cellular and antibody responses are therefore observed after CSFV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Changes in the porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteome induced by infection with highly virulent classical swine fever virus

Sun

Shi

Guo

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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Leukopenia and immunosuppression are characteristic clinical manifestations of classical swine fever and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are major targets of classical swine fever virus. To investigate proteomic expression changes in swine PBMCs during lethal CSFV infection, proteins of PBMCs from five lethally CSFV-infected pigs were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Quantitative intensity analysis revealed that 66 protein spots showed altered expression, 44 of which were identified as 34 unique proteins by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. Cellular functions of these proteins included cytoskeletal, energy metabolism, protein translation and processing, antioxidative stress, heat shock and blood clotting. Western blot analysis confirmed the upregulation of annexin A1 and downregulation of cofilin. Identification of these changed levels of expression provides an understanding at the molecular level of the response of in vivo target cells to CSFV infection and of the pathogenic mechanisms of leukopenia and immunosuppression induced by the virus.

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Infection with classical swine fever virus: effects on phenotype and immune responsiveness of porcine T lymphocytes.

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Thrombocytopenia in Spleen during Classical Swine Fever: Role of Macrophages and Cytokines

Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Thrombocytopenia in Spleen during Classical Swine Fever: Role of Macrophages and Cytokines

Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review

Changes in the porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteome induced by infection with highly virulent classical swine fever virus

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