Infection with Menangle virus in flying foxes (<i>Pteropus</i> spp.) in Australia

The unique ability of bats to act as reservoir for viruses that are highly pathogenic to humans suggests unique properties and functional characteristics of their immune system. However, the lack of bat specific reagents, in particular antibodies, has limited our knowledge of bat’s immunity. Using cross-reactive antibodies, we report the phenotypic and functional characterization of T cell subsets, B and NK cells in the fruit-eating bat Pteropus alecto. Our findings indicate the predominance of CD8+ T cells in the spleen from wild-caught bats that may reflect either the presence of viruses in this organ or predominance of this cell subset at steady state. Instead majority of T cells in circulation, lymph nodes and bone marrow (BM) were CD4+ subsets. Interestingly, 40% of spleen T cells expressed constitutively IL-17, IL-22 and TGF-β mRNA, which may indicate a strong bias towards the Th17 and regulatory T cell subsets. Furthermore, the unexpected high number of T cells in bats BM could suggest an important role in T cell development. Finally, mitogenic stimulation induced proliferation and production of effector molecules by bats immune cells. This work contributes to a better understanding of bat’s immunity, opening up new perspectives of therapeutic interventions for humans.

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“…Serological evidence of infection with Menangle virus (MenV) in Pteropus spp. in Australia was also reported in 200816.…”

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confidence: 56%

Phenotypic and functional characterization of the major lymphocyte populations in the fruit-eating bat Pteropus alecto

Gómez

Periasamy

Dutertre

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The coastal wetland development associated with Buruli ulcer reemergence [37,38]; the establishment of commercial native forests from the 1990s—including the important host of EID-causing Cryptococcus gattii , the River Red Gum (now one of the most extensively planted forestry trees in the world) [42] and the expansion of intensive livestock and agricultural industries, are all new systems from which new risks (continue) to emerge. The emergence of virulent Newcastle disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry, zoonotic bat—origin Menangle virus disease in pigs and horticultural pest biological control agent and EID Photorabdus asymbiotica, are consequences of the shift to intensive food production [43,58,62,63]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-Use Change and Emerging Infectious Disease on an Island Continent

McFarlane

Sleigh

McMichael

2013

IJERPH

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A more rigorous and nuanced understanding of land-use change (LUC) as a driver of emerging infectious disease (EID) is required. Here we examine post hunter-gatherer LUC as a driver of infectious disease in one biogeographical region with a compressed and documented history—continental Australia. We do this by examining land-use and native vegetation change (LUCC) associations with infectious disease emergence identified through a systematic (1973–2010) and historical (1788–1973) review of infectious disease literature of humans and animals. We find that 22% (20) of the systematically reviewed EIDs are associated with LUCC, most frequently where natural landscapes have been removed or replaced with agriculture, plantations, livestock or urban development. Historical clustering of vector-borne, zoonotic and environmental disease emergence also follows major periods of extensive land clearing. These advanced stages of LUCC are accompanied by changes in the distribution and density of hosts and vectors, at varying scales and chronology. This review of infectious disease emergence in one continent provides valuable insight into the association between accelerated global LUC and concurrent accelerated infectious disease emergence.

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“…While electron microscopy has established a basic framework for the paramyxovirus virion organization [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] and a number of crystal structures of paramyxovirus proteins and protein fragments have been solved (for instance [6,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42], the reconstruction of the 3D ultrastructures of paramyxovirus particles is impaired by particle size and the pleomorphic nature of the virions, which prevents single particle reconstruction approaches. To overcome the problem, recent studies have applied cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to the analysis of paramyxovirus particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and organization of paramyxovirus particles

Cox

Plemper

2017

Current Opinion in Virology

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The paramyxovirus family comprises major human and animal pathogens such as measles virus (MeV), mumps virus (MuV), the parainfluenzaviruses, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and the highly pathogenic zoonotic hendra (HeV) and nipah (NiV) viruses. Paramyxovirus particles are pleomorphic, with a lipid envelope, nonsegmented RNA genomes of negative polarity, and densely packed glycoproteins on the virion surface. A number of crystal structures of different paramyxovirus proteins and protein fragments were solved, but the available information concerning overall virion organization remains limited. However, recent studies have reported cryo-electron tomography-based reconstructions of Sendai virus (SeV), MeV, NDV, and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) particles and a surface assessment of NiV-derived virus-like particles (VLPs), which have yielded innovative hypotheses concerning paramyxovirus particle assembly, budding, and organization. Following a summary of the current insight into paramyxovirus virion morphology, this review will focus on discussing the implications of these particle reconstructions on the present models of paramyxovirus assembly and infection.

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Infection with Menangle virus in flying foxes (Pteropus spp.) in Australia

Abstract: Serological evidence of infection with MenV was detected in Pteropus spp. in Australia. Although virus-like particles were detected in faeces, no viruses were isolated from faeces, urine or tissues of Pteropus spp.

Cited by 37 publications

References 48 publications

Phenotypic and functional characterization of the major lymphocyte populations in the fruit-eating bat Pteropus alecto

Phenotypic and functional characterization of the major lymphocyte populations in the fruit-eating bat Pteropus alecto

Land-Use Change and Emerging Infectious Disease on an Island Continent

Structure and organization of paramyxovirus particles

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