Infections Caused by Dematiaceous Fungi: Chromoblastomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis

Fader, Robert; McGinnis, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(20)30236-1

Cited by 93 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Dematiaceous fungi otherwise called as 'phaeoid molds' are a heterogeneous group of melanized fungi, which are ubiquitous in nature and found worldwide in dust, soil, wood splinters and decaying vegetations. 13 Phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and eumycotic mycetoma are some of the relatively common pathogenic melanized fungi. The term phaeohyphomycosis was proposed by Ajello et al in 1974.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic challenges of a spectrum of cases of Phaeohyphomycosis - A histopathological approach of rare dematiaceous (Melanized / pigmented) fungi

Barathi¹,

Thanka²,

Shalini³

2020

ACHR

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Background: Dematiaceous fungi are a group of melanized fungi which imparts light to dark golden brown colour to the cell wall of these fungi on histopathological tissue sections (HPE). Due to lack of clinical suspicion and varied clinico-pathological presentation they are easily mistaken for any chronic swelling. The three common melanized fungi are phaeohyphomycosis, mycetoma, and chromoblastomycosis. Aim: Our study aims at deriving an algorithm for diagnosing these fungi on HPE. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted on paraffin blocks of histopathology proven phaeohyphomycosis and mycetoma retrieved from the surgical pathology case files. Special stains for fungus were done for confirmation. Results: Out of 34 cases 29 were phaeohyphomycosis and 5 were mycetoma which included both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Interestingly it was observed that most of the cases presented with a trivial penetrating injury or a minor trauma. These melanized fungi were further distinguished on their clinical presentation and morphological features. Conclusion: Because of their chronicity and localized lesion, most of the cases undergo surgical excision which itself is curative. Clinically and radiologically undiagnosed cases are primarily diagnosed on HPE after surgical excision in many cases. Hence a diagnosis of these melanized fungi on HPE needs an approach which would be beneficial to all practicing pathologists if they come across such rare cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic challenges of a spectrum of cases of Phaeohyphomycosis - A histopathological approach of rare dematiaceous (Melanized / pigmented) fungi

Barathi¹,

Thanka²,

Shalini³

2020

ACHR

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“…are described. Most infections occur sporadically, more often in older men who work with plant materials as farmers, carpenters, or in other professions (Fader and McGinnis 1998).…”

Section: Phaeohyphomycosis Phaeohyphomycosis (Phaeomycotic Cystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phoma as an Infectious Pathogen in Medical Practice

Kukhar

Kiyan

2021

Phoma: Diversity, Taxonomy, Bioactivities, and Nanotechnology

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“…Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare, cutaneous, subcutaneous, or systemic infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, which exist in the tissue as hyphae 1) . Exophiala is a pleomorphic genus comprising at least 40 species and is one of the representative fungi causing phaeohyphomycosis 2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Recalcitrant Phaeohyphomycosis of the Face Caused by <i>Exophiala lecanii-corni</i>

Hatta

Anzawa

Kubota

et al. 2021

Medical Mycology Journal

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We describe a case of recalcitrant phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala lecanii-corni, which was previously reported as Exophiala jeanselmei, infection. A 63-year-old Japanese woman presented with a 15-year history of multiple pruritic erythematous patches and plaques on the face. Histopathological examination and fungal culture revealed phaeohyphomycosis by E. jeanselmei. The attempted treatments included 6 g/day 5-flucytosine (5-FC), 100 mg/day itraconazole (ITCZ), and local hyperthermia. 5-FC was effective initially, but the patient deteriorated after discontinuation. Subsequently, she was referred to our hospital. Histopathological examination showed granuloma with multinucleated giant cells with infiltrating fungal hyphae in the dermis. The causative fungus was finally identified as E. lecanii-corni by ribosomal RNA gene analysis. The patient improved after receiving 200 mg/day ITCZ orally for 15 months with local hyperthermia. In the present case, we confirmed the identification of E. lecanii-corni as the causative agent by molecular methods. We also emphasize the importance of combination therapy with antimycotic agents and local hyperthermia in phaeohyphomycosis.

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Infections Caused by Dematiaceous Fungi: Chromoblastomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis

Cited by 93 publications

References 19 publications

Diagnostic challenges of a spectrum of cases of Phaeohyphomycosis - A histopathological approach of rare dematiaceous (Melanized / pigmented) fungi

Diagnostic challenges of a spectrum of cases of Phaeohyphomycosis - A histopathological approach of rare dematiaceous (Melanized / pigmented) fungi

Phoma as an Infectious Pathogen in Medical Practice

A Case of Recalcitrant Phaeohyphomycosis of the Face Caused by <i>Exophiala lecanii-corni</i>

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