Infections nosocomiales à coronavirus humains chez le nouveau-né

Abstract

Human coronaviruses, with two known serogroups named 229-E and OC-43, are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses. The large RNA is surrounded by a nucleoprotein (protein N). The envelop contains 2 or 3 glycoproteins: spike protein (or protein S), matrix protein (or protein M) and a hemagglutinin (or protein HE). Their pathogen role remains unclear because their isolation is difficult. Reliable and rapid methods as immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction allow new researches on epidemiology. Human coronaviruses can survive for as long as 6 days in suspension and 3 hours after drying on surfaces, suggesting that they could be a source of hospital-acquired infections. Two prospective studies conducted in a neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit demonstrated a significant association of coronavirus-positive nasopharyngal samples with respiratory illness in hospitalised preterm neonates. Positive samples from staff suggested either a patient-to-staff or a staff-to-patient transmission. No cross-infection were observed from community-acquired respiratory-syncitial virus or influenza-infected children to neonates. Universal precautions with hand washing and surface desinfection could be proposed to prevent coronavirus transmission.

Outbreak of acute respiratory disease caused by human adenovirus type 7 and human coronavirus‐229E in Zhejiang Province, China

“…Second, HCoV can survive for as long as 6 days in suspension and 3 h after drying on surfaces. This relatively high stability and long‐term survival of adenoviruses in the environment suggests that they could be a source of hospital‐acquired infections if the surface disinfection and ventilation in the ward are inadequate 36 . We also noted that the relatively long incubation period of PCF and the continued shedding of adenoviruses by children contribute to the probability that the virus might cross‐transmit amongst nurses, who are most often in contact with these patients 12 .…”

“…This relatively high stability and long-term survival of adenoviruses in the environment suggests that they could be a source of hospitalacquired infections if the surface disinfection and ventilation in the ward are inadequate. 36 We also noted that the relatively long incubation period of PCF and the continued shedding of adenoviruses by children contribute to the probability that the virus might cross-transmit amongst nurses, who are most often in contact with these patients. 12 Third, HCoV-229E presents mild symptoms and is not easily detected early, which induced the human-to-human transmission during the 2-week hospitalizations.…”

“…Moreover, all of the HCoV cases were symptomatic at the time of infection. This field investigation suggested that the nosocomial infections with HCoV‐229E occurred through medical staff‐to‐patient‐to‐bedside caregiver transmission 36 . Some research underscored the importance of adenovirus as a cause of nosocomial infection in the immunosuppressed populations 37 .…”

“…This field investigation suggested that the nosocomial infections with HCoV-229E occurred through medical staff-to-patient-to-bedside caregiver transmission. 36 Some research underscored the importance of adenovirus as a cause of nosocomial infection in the immunosuppressed populations. 37 Here, we confirmed that the adenovirus hospital acquired infections occurred in the normal immune population, where a nurse was confirmed to be adenovirus positive via outbreak cases to medical staff transmission.…”

Transmission maternofœtale des coronavirus humains. Étude prospective pilote

“…La transmission des HCoV, comme celle de nombreux autres virus à tropisme respiratoire (rhinovirus, VRS, métapneumovirus), est interhumaine par les sécrétions rhinopharyngées [13]. Nous avons récemment mis en évidence le rôle des HCoV dans la survenue d'infections nosocomiales chez les nouveau-nés [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Ces virus pourraient être introduits à l'hôpital par le personnel, les visiteurs ou les enfants hospitalisés.…”