Infections par des virus transmissibles par le sang chez des hémophiles en Tunisie

Langar, Houda; Triki, H.; Gouider, Emna; Bahri, Olfa; Djebbi, A.; Sadraoui, A.; Hafsia, A.; Hafsia, R

doi:10.1016/j.tracli.2005.07.001

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…La plus forte prévalence retrouvée dans le groupe des polytransfusés par rapport au groupe témoin concorde avec les données de la littérature, y compris tunisiennes [1,9,11,21]. Plusieurs facteurs peuvent expliquer ces fortes prévalences chez les polytransfusés parmi lesquels le grand nombre de transfusions reçues, le risque d'infection nosocomiale et une absence de détection du virus par les techniques de dépistage sérologique [11].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Par ailleurs, la transfusion avant 1994, date de l'instauration du dépistage systématique du VHC, paraît être un facteur de risque d'infection par ce virus, car seuls les polytransfusés nés avant cette date ont été contaminés dans notre série. La nette réduction des taux de contamination après instauration et amélioration des tests de dépistage a déjà été décrite [4,21,27]. Dans notre pays, qui est faiblement endémique pour l'hépatite C [30], c'est plutôt en milieu d'hémodialyse et notamment par voie nosocomiale que des infections par le VHC ont été notées, et ce, malgré le dépistage sérologique [3,18].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Les risques encourus par ces polytransfusés sont plutôt les graves manifestations engendrées par les réactivations du CMV, particulièrement chez les immunodéprimés [1]. Concernant le PB19, les risques transfusionnels liés à ce virus sont variables dans la littérature selon l'origine géographique et les produits sanguins reçus [15,21,22]. Nous notons dans notre étude qu'une grande proportion d'enfants n'est pas immunisée contre ce virus ; le risque de contamination posttransfusionnelle par ce dernier est probablement plus fréquent chez l'enfant que chez l'adulte tunisien.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Ce risque semble plus faible qu'en Afrique subsaharienne, par exemple, où un risque résiduel a été estimé aux environs de 1/10 000 dons allant jusqu'à 1/260 dons [6,24]. Toutefois, des infections à VIH ont été rapportées chez des polytransfusés tunisiens dans les années 1980, particulièrement durant la période précédant l'introduction des mesures d'inactivation virale et de dépistage sérologique [21]. Par ailleurs, des modifications dans l'épidémiologie locale du VIH dans le sens d'une augmentation restent possibles et imposent une rigueur dans la sélection des donneurs de sang et dans l'amé-lioration des techniques de dépistage.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Ces risques dépendent également des mesures préventives de dépistage ou de viroatténuation instaurées dans chaque pays. En Tunisie, le dépistage systé-matique des virus de l'hépatite B (VHB), celui du VHC et celui du VIH ont été introduits respectivement en 1973, 1994 et 1987 [21]. Le dépistage génomique viral (DGV) ou le dosage des transaminases ne sont pas en vigueur.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Le risque infectieux viral chez le polytransfusé : séroprévalence de sept agents viraux dans le centre tunisien

Hannachi

Boughammoura

Marzouk

et al. 2011

Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of seven transfusion-transmitted viruses in polytransfused adults and children comparatively with a group of healthy control subjects. We studied 107 polytransfused patients (59 adults and 48 children) and 160 control subjects (100 blood donors and 60 children). Immunoenzymatic tests were used for detection of HBs antigen (HBs Ag), antibodies against hepatitis C Virus (anti-HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV), and IgG antibodies against human cytomegalovirus (IgG anti-CMV), human parvovirus B19 (IgG anti-PB19), and hepatitis E virus (IgG anti-HEV). An immunofluorescent assay was performed for the detection of human herpesvirus 8 antibodies (anti-HHV8). Prevalence of HBs Ag, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, IgG anti-CMV, IgG anti-PB19, IgG anti-HEV, and anti-HHV8 in polytransfused group was 8.4, 4.7, 0, 86.9, 60.7, 28.9, and 47.6%, respectively, and 1.8, 0.6, 0, 86.2, 53.1, 10, and 12.5%, respectively, in the control group. The difference in prevalence between the two groups was statistically significant for HBs Ag (P = 0.01), anti-HCV (P = 0.03), IgG anti-HEV (P < 10(-4)), and IgG anti-HHV8 (P < 10(-4)). Categorization according to age showed that hepatitis B and C risk was limited in adult polytransfused group. HHV8 infection was higher in polytransfused subjects born before the use of leucocyte-depleted blood components. Our results corroborate literature data on the risk of HEV and HHV8 infection by blood transfusion. Hepatitis B vaccination and improvement in screening tests have an important role in reduction of hepatitis B and C risk in transfusion, especially in young polytransfused persons. However, a residual risk of transmitting viral infections persists, and efforts are needed to improve transfusion safety.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Le risque infectieux viral chez le polytransfusé : séroprévalence de sept agents viraux dans le centre tunisien

Hannachi

Boughammoura

Marzouk

et al. 2011

Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot.

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Hepatitis C virus infection in the Maghreb region

Ezzikouri

Pineau

Benjelloun

2013

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis C is a global health problem with a worldwide prevalence of about 3% (around 170 million people). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is major concern in the Maghreb countries, Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia, but no detailed description of its epidemiology in the region is available. In the present review, a systematic search was undertaken covering HCV data available in peer-reviewed databases as well as institutional reports and regional conference meeting abstracts from the Maghreb countries. Reports written in English and French were included in this analysis. Estimates of national and regional prevalence of HCV infection (based on anti-HCV antibody) and of the size of patient populations were performed. In addition, the molecular features of the circulating viral strains in the region are discussed. A substantial proportion, 1.2-1.9% of the Maghreb inhabitants, have anti-HCV antibodies. Genotype 1b predominates among viral strains in all countries except in Libya, where genotype 4 is dominant as in neighboring Egypt. This epidemiological situation is of significant concern, and requires urgent, broad, and active intervention for the prevention and control of HCV. More specifically, the application of state-of-the-art hygiene procedures and rigorous controls in medical disciplines such as hemodialysis, transfusion, endoscopic procedures, and dentistry is necessary to reduce significantly the number of new infections in the region.

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Genotype 3b of human parvovirus B19 detected from hospitalized children with solid malignancies in a North Indian tertiary care hospital

et al. 2016

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Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is known to cause serious consequences in immuno-compromized individuals. The present cross sectional study was designed to estimate the prevalence and genotype distribution of B19V in children receiving chemotherapy for solid malignancies at a tertiary care hospital in North India during October 2013 to May 2015. Serum samples from all the patients were tested for anti-B19V IgM and IgG antibodies and for B19V-DNA as soon as received. Samples testing positive for B19V-DNA were subjected to viral load estimation and to genotype determination by sequencing. Total 96 children were enrolled of which 9 (9.3%), 32 (33.3%), and 25 (26%) tested positive for anti-B19V IgM, anti-B19V IgG, and B19V-DNA, respectively. The viral load of B19V-DNA positive children ranged from 5.5 × 10(2) to 3.5 × 10(12) copies/ml. Accordingly children were divided into three groups: group I, with acute infection (n = 25); group II, previously exposed (n = 27), and group III, negative for B19V infection or with inappropriate antibody response (n = 44). B19V positivity was significantly associated (P-value < 0.0001) with a history of blood transfusion in the past 6 months, severe anemia (hemoglobin levels <6 gm%) and thrombocytopenia (platelets <150,000/cu.mm.). Sequence analysis of 21 of 25 DNA positive samples showed that all of them were Genotype 3b that clustered into three groups. All the sequences within each cluster were identical. The nucleotide identity of the sequences suggests a nosocomial outbreak of B19V during the study period. Children on chemotherapy for solid tumors should be routinely screened for B19V infection by both serology and PCR. J. Med. Virol. 88:1922-1929, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Infections par des virus transmissibles par le sang chez des hémophiles en Tunisie

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Le risque infectieux viral chez le polytransfusé : séroprévalence de sept agents viraux dans le centre tunisien

Le risque infectieux viral chez le polytransfusé : séroprévalence de sept agents viraux dans le centre tunisien

Hepatitis C virus infection in the Maghreb region

Genotype 3b of human parvovirus B19 detected from hospitalized children with solid malignancies in a North Indian tertiary care hospital

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