Stiehm's Immune Deficiencies 2020
DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816768-7.00049-1
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Infections that cause secondary immune deficiency

Abstract: Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Outbreaks of pertussis were first described in the 16th century, and the organism was first isolated in 1906. In the 20th century, pertussis was one of the most common childhood diseases and a major cause of childhood mortality in the United States. Before the availability of pertussis vaccine in the 1940s, more than 200,000 cases of pertussis were reported annually. Since widespread use of the vaccine be… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Rarely, cases with occult immunosuppression have remitted spontaneously 1. Influenza has been associated with inhibition of neutrophil function,8 so it is possible that their influenza-like illness caused transient immunosuppression, but this does not explain the longstanding lymphopenia and its resolution, nor would neutrophil dysfunction be associated with PML risk. Their PML may have been exacerbated by the course of corticosteroids we administered, but these were only used after the illness onset.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Rarely, cases with occult immunosuppression have remitted spontaneously 1. Influenza has been associated with inhibition of neutrophil function,8 so it is possible that their influenza-like illness caused transient immunosuppression, but this does not explain the longstanding lymphopenia and its resolution, nor would neutrophil dysfunction be associated with PML risk. Their PML may have been exacerbated by the course of corticosteroids we administered, but these were only used after the illness onset.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2,12,13,26 A primary infection, such as HIV, viral hepatitis, influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, and COVID-19, impairs innate or adaptive immune responses predisposing a person to additional infections (secondary). 27,28 Splenectomy, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, nephropathy, malignancies, severe trauma, and severe burns are frequent causes of SID. 2,12,13,26 SID may also result from severe stress; UV light; radiotherapy; prematurity; aging; and antiepileptic medications, including carbamazepine, valproate, and phenytoin.…”
Section: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (Scid)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Treatment for immunodeficiency includes preventing infection, managing infection, replacing the absent immune system component, and controlling medical conditions and adverse reactions of medications in SID. [2][3][4][5][6]17,27,28 Infection is prevented by closely monitoring a patient' s signs and symptoms. 17 Acute infection should be treated promptly after an evaluation of blood cultures.…”
Section: Managementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alternatively, infection by one pathogen can cause immunopathology and immunogenic overload allowing opportunistic infection by a second, such as influenza and pathogens that cause bacterial pneumonia (Morris et al., 2017 ). Pathogens that subvert host innate immunity for their own replication can increase the chances that a second pathogen establishes an infection in the same tissue, often resulting in worse health outcomes (Bonagura & Rosenthal, 2020 ; Sun & Metzger, 2014 ; Unger et al., 2012 ).…”
Section: Significance Of Coinfections In Host Individualsmentioning
confidence: 99%