“…2,12,13,26 A primary infection, such as HIV, viral hepatitis, influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, and COVID-19, impairs innate or adaptive immune responses predisposing a person to additional infections (secondary). 27,28 Splenectomy, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, nephropathy, malignancies, severe trauma, and severe burns are frequent causes of SID. 2,12,13,26 SID may also result from severe stress; UV light; radiotherapy; prematurity; aging; and antiepileptic medications, including carbamazepine, valproate, and phenytoin.…”