Infections with Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis in dogs in Zimbabwe

Matthewman, Linda; Pj, Kelly; Bobade, PA; Tagwira, M; Pr, Mason; Majok, Aggrey A.; Brouqui, Philippe; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.1136/vr.133.14.344

Cited by 36 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar signs have been reported in studies on naturally-infected dogs in Africa 82,100,123 . Neuromuscular, reproductive and ocular signs may also occur in naturally-infected dogs.…”

Section: Clinical Findings In Dogs With E Canis Infectionssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Injection of the drug is painful and results in transient salivation, diarrhea and depression in a large number of dogs 100 . The use of imidocarb dipropionate is less dependent on owner compliance than tetracycline treatment and has the additional advantage that it is also effective against B. canis 3,92,100 , and concurrent B. canis and E. canis infections are known to be common in Africa 82 . In Babesia infections, imidocarb dipropionate has been reported to act by blocking the entry of inositol, an essential nutrient, into the erythrocytes containing the parasites, apparently resulting in starvation of the parasites 87 .…”

Section: Suggestions For the Specific Treatment Of E Canis Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is, however, growing evidence of strain variation among E. canis organisms. There is considerable variability in the type and severity of clinical and laboratory abnormalities in dogs with E. canis infections in southern Africa 81,82,90 , and elsewhere in the world 60 . Recent studies have indicated geographic antigenic diversity among E. canis 60 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Canine ehrlichioses : an update : review article

Kelly¹

2000

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of molecular biology techniques and methods for the isolation and growth of ehrlichias in tissue culture have greatly facilitated the study of these organisms. The available knowledge on ehrlichias is thus rapidly increasing and in this review recent findings on the epidemiology, transmission, clinical and laboratory signs of infection, diagnosis and treatment of canine ehrlichioses are described.

show abstract

“…Similar signs have been reported in studies on naturally-infected dogs in Africa 82,100,123 . Neuromuscular, reproductive and ocular signs may also occur in naturally-infected dogs.…”

Section: Clinical Findings In Dogs With E Canis Infectionssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Suggestions For the Specific Treatment Of E Canis Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Canine ehrlichioses : an update : review article

Kelly¹

2000

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These species are not closely related to the ehrlichiae, and significant crossreactivity was not expected. However, as with B. vinsonii and E. canis, dual infections with B. canis and E. canis may be common in certain areas of endemicity (14,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Major Antigenic Protein 2 ofEhrlichia canis: a Potential Diagnostic Tool

Alleman¹,

McSherry²,

Barbet

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The major antigenic protein 2 (MAP2) of Ehrlichia canis was cloned and expressed. The recombinant protein was characterized and tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format for potential application in the serodiagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. The recombinant protein, which contained a C-terminal polyhistidine tag, had a molecular mass of approximately 26 kDa. The antigen was clearly identified by Western immunoblotting using antihistidine antibody and immune serum from an experimentally infected dog. The recombinant MAP2 (rMAP2) was tested in an ELISA format using 141 serum samples from E. canis immunofluorescent antibody (IFA)-positive and IFA-negative dogs. Fifty-five of the serum samples were from dogs experimentally or naturally infected with E. canis and were previously demonstrated to contain antibodies reactive with E. canis by indirect immunofluorescence assays. The remaining 86 samples, 33 of which were from dogs infected with microorganisms other than E. canis, were seronegative. All of the samples from experimentally infected animals and 36 of the 37 samples from naturally infected animals were found to contain antibodies against rMAP2 of E. canis in the ELISA. Only 3 of 53 IFA-negative samples tested positive on the rMAP2 ELISA. There was 100% agreement among IFA-positive samples from experimentally infected animals, 97.3% agreement among IFA-positive samples from naturally infected animals, and 94.3% agreement among IFA-negative samples, resulting in a 97.2% overall agreement between the two assays. These data suggest that rMAP2 of E. canis could be used as a recombinant test antigen for the serodiagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.Ehrlichia canis is an obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne rickettsial disease which is transmitted by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (19). Interest in E. canis infection has heightened over the last decade, fueled by the recent discovery of a very closely related organism, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (15). More recently, it has been shown that dogs are susceptible to experimental infection with E. chaffeensis (11), and natural infections with E. chaffeensis have also been identified in healthy and clinically ill dogs by PCR analysis (5,11,25,29). This suggests that dogs may serve as an important reservoir for this human pathogen.Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes of E. canis and E. chaffeensis revealed that E. chaffeensis is more closely related to E. canis than to any other species (3). These organisms, along with Cowdria ruminantium, a rickettsial disease agent of cattle, are phylogenetically related and are all placed within the E. canis genogroup (13,36, 48). There is considerable antigenic cross-reactivity between the Ehrlichia spp. and other closely related organisms, such as C. ruminantium (8,9,23,30,32). Serological assays able to distinguish between i...

show abstract

“…The important factors that encourage its development are, among others, stress with accompanying immunosuppression and bad environmental conditions. The acute form of ehrlichiosis can also be connected to the presence of other infestation, especially with Babesia canis (Rikihisa 1991, Matthewman et al 1993. The acute form of ehrlichiosis lasts from 2 to 4 weeks, it's symptoms are non-specific and can periodically disappear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in dogs

Procajło¹,

Em²,

Bladowski³

et al. 2011

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ehrlichiosis is the multiorgan infectious disease caused by small, intracellular rickettsias from the genus Ehrlichia. These microorganisms are known as an etiologic factor of infections world wide in humans and in different species of animals. Dog ehrlichiosis can be caused by several species of Ehrlichia attacking different groups of blood cells, but most often an infection by Ehrlichia canis is diagnosed with special relation to monocytes. A vector for E. canis are Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus, commonly occurring in Poland. Disease caused by E. canis is known as Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME). The disease most often has an asymptomatic course which can, in favourable circumstances, run into acute or chronic forms. The acute form of CME proceeds usually with fever, apathy, weakness and accompanying respiratory symptoms, lameness and disturbances in blood coagulation. In laboratory examinations thrombocytopenia, anemia and leucopenia are ascertained. The chronic form of CME proceeds among gentle, unspecific symptoms which may last even 5 years. The CME diagnosis is difficult and often demands parallel different diagnostic methods. A medicines of choice in the ehrlichiosis treatment are antibiotics from the group of tetracyclines, given at least for 28 days. They are largely efficient during treatment of the acute CME, causing the quick improvement. Instead, in the case of chronic form, answer for treatment can be weak, and cases of resistance to antibiotics ave known.

show abstract

Infections with Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis in dogs in Zimbabwe

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Canine ehrlichioses : an update : review article

Canine ehrlichioses : an update : review article

Recombinant Major Antigenic Protein 2 ofEhrlichia canis: a Potential Diagnostic Tool

Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in dogs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About