Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system—the spectrum of imaging findings and differential diagnosis

Rozell, Joseph M.; Mtui, Edward E.; Pan, Yuning; Li, Shan

doi:10.1007/s10140-017-1543-1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…CNS infectious diseases have a high morbidity and mortality [1]. The incidence of bacterial ME and viral ME accounts for the majority of CNS infectious diseases [2,3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volatile Organic Compounds to Identify Infectious (Bacteria/Viruses) Diseases of the Central Nervous System: A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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Background: Central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases are common diseases in emergency rooms and neurology departments. CNS pathogen identification methods are time consuming and expensive and have low sensitivity and poor specificity. Some studies have shown that bacteria and viruses can produce specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study is to find potential biomarkers by VOC analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with bacterial and viral meningitis/encephalitis (ME). Methods: CSF samples from 16 patients with bacterial ME and 42 patients with viral ME were collected, and solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolites in the CSF. Results: There are 2 substances (ethylene oxide and phenol) that were found to be different between the 2 groups. Ethylene oxide was significantly greater in the group of bacterial ME patients than in the viral ME group of patients (p < 0.05). In addition, phenol was remarkably increased in the group of ME patients compared with the bacterial ME patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ethylene oxide and phenol may be potential biomarkers to distinguish bacterial ME and viral ME. VOC analysis of CSF may be used as a supporting tool for clinical diagnosis.

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“…CNS infectious diseases have a high morbidity and mortality [1]. The incidence of bacterial ME and viral ME accounts for the majority of CNS infectious diseases [2,3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a public health concern and are common diseases in emergency rooms and neurology departments [1]. CNS infectious diseases can be divided into viral infections, bacterial infections and other infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compounds to Identify Infectious (Bacteria/Viruses) Diseases of the Central Nervous System: A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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“…On T2-weighted imaging (d), corresponding foci of low signal intensity were difficult to appreciate (arrows) particularly in immunocompromised children (Fig. 4) [11,12], or alternatively with spread of viral particles across the immature blood brain barrier as seen with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection (Fig. 5) [10,13].…”

Section: Pattern 2: Restricted Diffusion In Supratentorial Grey Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could relate to occlusion/inflammation of small distal vessels as seen with septic emboli, particularly in immunocompromised children (Fig. 4 ) [ 11 , 12 ], or alternatively with spread of viral particles across the immature blood brain barrier as seen with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection (Fig. 5 ) [ 10 , 13 ].…”

Section: Key Patterns Of Paediatric Brain Infections On Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early detection of HSV encephalitis and assessment of disease extent is best assessed on DWI [ 13 , 14 ], although differentiation between early HSV encephalitis and septic emboli can be difficult. Progression of lesions (within days) to form confluent areas of cortical/subcortical signal abnormality is suggestive of HSV encephalitis [ 13 – 15 ], whereas abscess formation is consistent with septic emboli [ 11 , 12 ].

Fig.…”

Section: Key Patterns Of Paediatric Brain Infections On Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance imaging patterns of paediatric brain infections: a pictorial review based on the Western Australian experience

et al. 2022

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Paediatric brain infections are relatively uncommon, but it is important for radiologists to recognise the disease and provide accurate differential diagnoses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in determining the most likely causative pathogen—either in the setting of an unwell child with acute infectious encephalitis, or in the evaluation of a child for sequela of prior infection. Image analysis can, however, be difficult since a particular pathogen can cause variable MRI findings across different geographic environments, and conversely, a particular appearance on MRI may be caused by a variety of pathogens. This educational review aims to identify some of the key MRI patterns seen in paediatric brain infections and present example cases encountered in Western Australia. Based on (i) the predominant type of signal abnormality (restricted diffusion versus T2 hyperintensity) and (ii) the distribution of signal abnormality throughout the brain, this review presents a framework of six key MRI patterns seen in paediatric brain infections, with an emphasis on acute infectious encephalitis. There is general utility to these MRI patterns—each suggestive of a group of likely diagnostic possibilities which can be calibrated according to institution and local environment. The pattern-based framework of this review can be easily transitioned into daily radiological practice, and we hope it facilitates the formation of accurate differential diagnoses in paediatric brain infections.

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Contrast-Enhanced CT and MR Scanning of the Brain

Onal

2021

Medical Imaging Contrast Agents: A Clinical Manual

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Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system—the spectrum of imaging findings and differential diagnosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Volatile Organic Compounds to Identify Infectious (Bacteria/Viruses) Diseases of the Central Nervous System: A Pilot Study

Volatile Organic Compounds to Identify Infectious (Bacteria/Viruses) Diseases of the Central Nervous System: A Pilot Study

Magnetic resonance imaging patterns of paediatric brain infections: a pictorial review based on the Western Australian experience

Contrast-Enhanced CT and MR Scanning of the Brain

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