Infectious and tropical diseases affecting the human mouth

Oral fungal infections (mycoses) have come into particular prominence since the advent of infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and recognition of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), as well as the phenomenal increase in world travel with increased exposure to infections endemic in the tropics. Paracoccidioidomycosis is a rare mycosis worldwide but common in Brazil and some other areas in Latin America. It can be life-threatening and can manifest with a spectrum of clinical presentations, including frequent oral lesions. This paper reviews the more recent information on Paracoccidioidomycosis, emphasizing those areas most relevant in dental science.

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“…1, 2). Areas of ulceration are common Scully et al, 2000). Involvement of the lips causes a pronounced increase in thickness and consistency.…”

Section: Oral Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioidomycosis of the Mouth: an Emerging Deep Mycosis

Almeida

Jorge

Scully

2003

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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“…More than 100 types of HPV have been identified, and at least the following 25 types have been detected in oral lesions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10,11,13,16,18,31,32,33,35,40,45,52,55,57,58,59,69,72,73.…”

Section: Human Papilloma Virus (Hpv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of fungi may give rise to oral infections, including candidosis, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, geotricosis, mucormycosis. 32 Several of these are uncommon, and oral manifestations may more likely occur with immune deterioration. 33,34 Oral mycoses can cause acute, chronic, and mucocutaneous lesions.…”

Section: Fungal Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non–plaque‐induced gingival diseases

Holmstrup

Plemons

Meyle

2018

J Clinic Periodontology

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While plaque-induced gingivitis is one of the most common human inflammatory diseases, several non-plaque-induced gingival diseases are less common but often of major significance for patients. The non-plaque-induced gingival lesions are often manifestations of systemic conditions, but they may also represent pathologic changes limited to gingival tissues. A classification is proposed, based on the etiology of the lesions and includes: Genetic/Developmental disorders; Specific infections; Inflammatory and immune conditions and lesions; Reactive processes; Neoplasms; Endocrine, Nutritional and metabolic diseases; Traumatic lesions; and Gingival pigmentation.

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“…Contrary to the statements of Page & Sturdivant, there is nothing in the AAP classification to indicate that “… all forms of destructive periodontal disease are infectious, and thay [ sic ] they are all characterized by chronic inflammation, pocket formation and progressive deepening, and loss of attachment and alveolar bone” (71). Indeed, periodontal destruction can be a feature of some non‐plaque‐induced gingival lesions (28, 51, 57, 74, 83, 94).…”

Section: Establishing a Diagnosis In Treated Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%