Infectious disease surveillance and the International Health Regulations

Plotkin, Bruce J.; Hardiman, Max

doi:10.1002/9781118543504.ch6

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…9 The earlier IHR (1969) focused primarily on reporting human cases and associated hosts/vectors for plague, yellow fever and cholera to WHO. 10 The 2005 revision of the IHR, which entered into force in June 2007, was influenced by the growth in international trade and travel, and by an increased appreciation of the risk of emerging pathogens, including pandemic influenza. 10 The IHR mechanism specifies that WHO can receive information from unofficial sources, such as non-governmental organizations, in addition to official sources such as the ministries of health of its Member States.…”

Section: The Framework Of the International Health Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The 2005 revision of the IHR, which entered into force in June 2007, was influenced by the growth in international trade and travel, and by an increased appreciation of the risk of emerging pathogens, including pandemic influenza. 10 The IHR mechanism specifies that WHO can receive information from unofficial sources, such as non-governmental organizations, in addition to official sources such as the ministries of health of its Member States. Under the IHR (2005), a number of reporting requirements oblige States Parties to promptly inform WHO of cases or events involving a wide range of diseases and public health risks including 'all cases of human influenza caused by a new virus subtype'.…”

Section: The Framework Of the International Health Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the Emergency Committee), the Director-General can issue 'temporary recommendations' to governments on the appropriate actions to prevent or reduce the international spread of the disease and minimize necessary interference with international traffic and trade. 10 The global influenza surveillance network For more than 60 years, the GISN has monitored influenza activity and characterized circulating influenza virus strains. These efforts are the critical underpinning to formulate recommendations each year for seasonal influenza vaccines and to provide prototype viral strains for vaccine production.…”

Section: The Framework Of the International Health Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Challenges of global surveillance during an influenza pandemic

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surveillance is an essential foundation for monitoring and evaluating any disease process, and is especially critical when new disease agents appear. The H1N1 influenza pandemic of 2009 tested the capacities of countries to detect, assess, notify and report events as required by the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR). As detailed in the IHR, the World Health Organization drew on official reports from Member States as well as unofficial sources (e.g., media alerts) to quickly report and disseminate information about the appearance of the novel influenza virus. The pre-existing Global Influenza Surveillance Network for virological surveillance also provided crucial information for rapid development of a vaccine and for detection of changes in the virus. However, the pandemic also highlighted a number of shortcomings in global epidemiological surveillance for respiratory disease. These included the lack of standards for reporting illness, risk factor and mortality data, and a mechanism for systematic reporting of epidemiological data. Such measures would have facilitated direct comparison of data between countries and improved timely understanding of the characteristics and impact of the pandemic. This paper describes the surveillance strategies in place before the pandemic and the methods that were used at global level to monitor the pandemic. Enhancements of global surveillance are proposed to improve preparedness and response for similar events in the future.

show abstract

Section: The Framework Of the International Health Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Framework Of the International Health Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Framework Of the International Health Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation