Infectious Hepatitis (Homologous Serum Type) in Drug Addicts

Steigmann, Frederick; Hyman, Samuel; Goldbloom, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(50)80211-1

Cited by 47 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although functional abnormalities of the liver had first been described in a few drug addicts in 1929, it was not until 1950 that viral hepatitis was specifically diagnosed by Steigmann and colleagues. 81 The next year Appelbaum and Kalkstein 5 reported 4 more cases and referred to another 6. Altschul and associates 3 reported 5 additional cases, including one autopsy which showed "acute yellow atrophy."…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Liver disease in narcotic addicts II. The role of the needle

Sapira¹,

Jasinski²,

Gorodetzky³

1968

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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A liver disease is described among narcotic addicts examined at the Addiction Research Center. The clinical picture is described and discussed in light of the pertinent literature. It is suggested that many narcotic addicts have a long‐term intermittent serum hepatitis, chronic addiction serum hepatitis. There is a correlation between evidences of this liver disease and the duration of exposure to hypodermic equipment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Liver disease in narcotic addicts II. The role of the needle

Sapira¹,

Jasinski²,

Gorodetzky³

1968

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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“…In sharp contrast to the boosted drug abuse, however, the global response to the increasing transmission risk of HBV/HCV among drug users was tardy. However the association of subcutaneous or intravenous IDU with homologous serum hepatitis (named as hepatitis B virus in 1976) was first reported as early as 1950 [ 40 , 41 , 42 ], yet the risk factors have not been well elucidated, and researches were conducted on a small scale. It was not until the isolation of HBV in 1976 and the isolation of HCV in 1989, that people really pay attention to the high risk of acquisition and transmission of blood-borne virus among IDUs [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Mortality Burden of Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer Attributable to Injection Drug Use, 1990–2016: An Age-Period-Cohort and Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis

Yang

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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We analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in mortality burden of cirrhosis and liver cancer attributable to injection drug use (IDU) from 1990 to 2016. Mortality data of IDU-attributable cirrhosis and IDU-attributable liver cancer on the global and national scales from 1990 to 2016 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies. Age-period-cohort (APC) model analysis was used to analyze the global mortality trends of target disease, and spatial autocorrelation analysis based on Geographic Information System was applied to illustrate the clusters of the most epidemic countries. Globally, from 1990 to 2015, mortality rates (age-standardized, per 100,000) of IDU-attributable cirrhosis increased continually from 1.5 to 1.9, while from 0.4 to 0.9 for IDU-attributable liver cancer. The APC model analysis indicated that the increases of mortality were mainly driven by period effects, with the mortality risk increasing by 6.82-fold for IDU-attributable cirrhosis and 3.08-fold for IDU-attributable liver cancer. The spatial analysis suggested that IDU-attributable cirrhosis mortality were geographically clustered from 1990 to 2016, and hot spots were mainly located in less well developed countries of Latin America, East and Central Europe and Central Asia. Our study provides epidemiological evidence for global interventions against advanced liver disease among injection drug users (IDUs).

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“…[1][2][3] Little is known, however, about the precise etiology and outcome of chronic hepatitis in this population. [4][5][6] When hepatitis B virus (HBV) serum markers were developed in the 1970s, a majority of intravenous heroin addicts tested positive for one or more of them, indicating prior exposure to the HBV virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A, B, C, and D Markers and Liver Function Abnormalities in Intravenous Heroin Addicts

Tennant

Moll

1995

Journal of Addictive Diseases

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To determine the most prevalent forms of hepatitis in intravenous heroin addicts, 389 addicts consecutively admitted to outpatient treatment clinics throughout California were tested for antibodies to hepatitis A (anti-HAV), B core (anti-HBc), B surface (anti-HBs), C (anti-HCV), D (anti-HDV), and B surface antigen (HBsAg). The majority were also tested for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, globulins, albumin, and platelet count. The seroprevalence of each marker was: anti-HAV (40.7%); anti-Hbc (73.6%); anti-HBs (46.7%); anti-HCV (93.6%); anti-HDV (9.6%), and HBsAg (3.5%). No single case was positive for IgM, anti-HAV, or for both HBsAg and anti-HDV, indicating the presence of recent hepatitis A or hepatitis D infection. Abnormal liver enzymes, serum proteins, total bilirubin, and platelet count were found to be normal in 5.3 to 44.8% of anti-HCV cases indicating persistent infection. Among anti-HCV cases, elevated total bilirubin or a low platelet count was invariably associated with one or more liver enzyme and protein abnormalities. We conclude that while acute hepatitis may be frequent and caused by various viral types, hepatitis C is the primary form of chronic hepatitis found in intravenous heroin addicts. Almost half of hepatitis C cases demonstrate liver function abnormalities indicating persistent infection that has the potential to be contagious and progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Infectious Hepatitis (Homologous Serum Type) in Drug Addicts

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

Liver disease in narcotic addicts II. The role of the needle

Liver disease in narcotic addicts II. The role of the needle

Global Mortality Burden of Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer Attributable to Injection Drug Use, 1990–2016: An Age-Period-Cohort and Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A, B, C, and D Markers and Liver Function Abnormalities in Intravenous Heroin Addicts

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