Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in the environment: relationship to effluent from aquaculture facilities

Abstract

in wild non-salmonid fish (Stephens, Newman,

Disease interaction and pathogens exchange between wild and farmed fish populations with special reference to Norway

“…8 Hastein and Lindstad, 1991;McAllister and Bebak, 1997;McVicar et al, 1993;Mortensen, 1993;Sonstegard et al, 1972;Wallace et al, 2008). Clinical signs of the disease and/or epizootics have not been reported in wild salmonids, however mortalities associated with IPNV in wild marine fish have been observed in non-salmonids (Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia yrannus (Latrobe) (Stephens et al, 1980) and southern flounder, Aralichthys lethostigmata (McAllister et al, 1984).…”

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms and Sequence Analysis: an Approach for Genotyping Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Reference Strains and Other Aquabirnaviruses Isolated from Northwestern Spain

“…Genome segment B encodes the minor internal polypeptide VP1 (94 kDa), which is the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Although some aquabirnaviruses cause lethal diseases and produce high mortalities in fry (1,5,20), the presence of the virus in the population does not always result in mortality or clinical disease, and the virus is commonly associated with apparently healthy asymptomatic fry stocks and breeders (24) or with environmental reservoirs (19,23).…”

Isolation of a novel aquatic birnavirus from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Australia

“…IPNV can be isolated from wild and escaped fish in waters surrounding hatcheries and from surrounding freshwater farms with a past history of IPN (Mahesh kumar et al 1991, McAllister & Bebak 1997. IPNV has also been isolated from mussels, sediment and sea water during outbreaks of IPN in sea farms (Gregory et al 2007).…”

“…In the freshwater environment the prevalence in free-ranging fish was reported to be low, and titres in water are approximately 107-fold lower than those used for the experimental challenge. It is thought unlikely that the low-level exposure possible by this means would be responsible for disease outbreaks (McAllister & Bebak 1997). groups described in Davies et al (2010), using the neighbour-joining method…”