Infectious Risk of the Hospital Environment in the Center of Morocco: A Case of Care Unit Surfaces

Abstract

Background. Equipment and hospital surfaces constitute a microbial reservoir that can contaminate hospital users and thus create an infectious risk. The aim of this work, which was carried out for the first time at a hospital in Meknes (regional hospital in the center of Morocco), is to evaluate the microbiological quality of surfaces and equipment in three potential risk areas (burn unit, operating room, and sterilization service). Methods. This study was carried out over a period of 4 months (February–May 2017). A total of 60 samples were taken by swabbing according to the standard (ISO/DIS 14698-1 (2004)) in an environment of dry area and equipment after biocleaning. Isolation and identification were performed according to conventional bacteriological methods and by microscopic observation for fungi. Results. The study showed that 40% of surface samples were contaminated after biocleaning. The burn unit recorded a percentage of 70% contamination (p value <0.001), 13% for the sterilization service, and 7% for the operating room. 89% of the isolates were identified as Gram-positive bacteria against 11% for fungi (p value <0.001). Bacterial identification showed coagulase-negative staphylococci (32%), Bacillus spp. (16%), Corynebacterium (8%), and oxidase-negative Gram-positive bacillus (40%) while fungal identification showed Aspergillus niger (n = 2) and Aspergillus nidulans (n = 1). Conclusion. To control the infectious risk related to equipment and hospital surfaces, it would be necessary to evaluate the disinfection protocol applied in these units.

Microbiological Monitoring of the Environment Using the “Association Rules” Approach and Disinfection Procedure Evaluation in a Hospital Center in Morocco

“…The majority of bacteria isolated from the different studied services' surfaces are Gram-positive germs. This result is similar to those reported in a study carried out in a hospital center in Fez and contradicts other studies [ 4 , 13 , 25 ]. This contradiction could be due to the hospital size (especially its bed capacity) and the studied department specificity, as our study was carried out more precisely in the surgery departments of a small hospital center, while the other studies were carried out in other departments.…”

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Three Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants on Different Germs Isolated from the Hospital Environment

“…In the same contexts, other Moroccan studies have reported contamination of three departments, namely, the burns unit, the sterilization department, and the operating room, with varying rate prevalence of contamination (70%, 13%, and 7%, respectively). The same study showed that the autoclave, the bed rails, the bedside tables, and the operating tables are the most contaminated sites [ 8 ]. Some areas or equipment are more contaminated than others, while relevant research has shown a high prevalence of contamination of high contact surfaces and equipment around the patient's bed [ 9 ].…”