Infectivity rate and transmission potential of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks for Babesia equi infection

Kumar, Sanjeev; Malhotra, D.V.; Sangwan, A. K.; Goel, Parveen; Kumar, Ashok; Kumar, Sanjay

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.10.009

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The absence of dogs at the farm was found to be significantly associated with a high infection rate of T. equi in horses. The tick species that transmit T. equi in the equids in Asia (Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum) also infect dogs (Chaudhuri et al 1969;Kumar et al 2007;Ul-Hasan et al 2012;Abedi et al 2014). The chances of horses being bitten by an infected tick may be increased in the absence of dogs at the farm.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Equine Theileriosis In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of Theileria equi and risk factors associated with the occurrence of theileriosis in horses of Punjab (Pakistan)

Ali

Ijaz²,

Farooqi³

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Education

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Theileria equi (T. equi) is an obligate intra-and extraerythrocytic parasite that causes equine theileriosis (ET) in equids. Equine theileriosis is considered a notifiable disease of global significance, a major constraint to the international movement of horses, and endemic in many countries. This disease may be difficult to diagnose, as it can produce variable and nonspecific clinical signs. A cross-sectional study was designed for the molecular characterisation of T. equi and to investigate the associated risk factors of ET accompanied by its consequences on haematological and sero-biochemical parameters. A convenience sampling of 500 blood samples were collected from ET suspect horses from January to December 2017. PCR was performed on all blood samples targeting the 18S rRNA gene of T. equi followed by sequencing; 9% animals tested positive with confirmed sequences. The isolates of this study showed high homology with Cuban, Russian and Brazilian isolates of T. equi (accession numbers KY111762.2, MG551915.1 and KY952237. 1, respectively). Based on multivariate analysis, the principal risk factors consisted of absence of dogs on the premises and presence of tick infestation. The haemato-biochemical parameters showed a decrease in granulocytes and erythrocytes, and an increase in lymphocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean platelet volume, glucose, phosphorus and aspartate aminotransferase in positive horses. This is the first study which identified ET in Punjab (Pakistan) using molecular techniques and risk factors together with the haemato-biochemical variations in horses.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Equine Theileriosis In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of Theileria equi and risk factors associated with the occurrence of theileriosis in horses of Punjab (Pakistan)

Ali

Ijaz²,

Farooqi³

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…H. anatolicum has been reported to transmit B. (T.) equi from experimentally infected donkeys, resulting in development of clinical babesiosis (Kumar et al, 2007). In small ruminants, B. motasi and B. ovis are transmitted by Hyalomma spp.…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into the ecobiology, vector significance and control of Hyalomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): A review

Sajid

Kausar²,

Iqbal

et al. 2018

Acta Tropica

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Ticks (Acari:Ixodoidea) are important ectoparasites infesting livestock and human populations around the globe. Ticks can cause damage directly by affecting the site of infestation, or indirectly as vectors of a wide range of protozoa, bacteria and viruses which ultimately lead to lowered productivity of livestock populations. Hyalomma is a genus of hard ticks, having more than 30 species well-adapted to hot, humid and cold climates. Habitat diversity, vector ability, and emerging problem of acaricidal resistance in enzootic regions typify this genus in various countries around the world. This paper reviews the epidemiology, associated risk factors (temperature, climate, age, sex, breed etc.), vector role, vector-pathogen association, and reported control strategies of genus Hyalomma. The various proteins in saliva of Hyalomma secreted into the blood stream of host and the prolonged attachment are responsible for the successful engorgement of female ticks in spite of host immune defense system. The various immunological approaches that have been tried by researchers in order to cause tick rejection are also discussed. In addition, the novel biological control approaches involving the use of entomo-pathogenic nematodes and Bacillus thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis) serovar thuringiensis H14; an endotoxin, for their acaricidal effect on different species and life cycle stages of Hyalomma are also presented.

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“…The other three dogs were infested with E. canis infected ticks (20 females with 10 males) in one chamber in the same way described for the other pathogen. After 5 days for the B. canis infected group, and 10 days for the E. canis infected group, when the parasitemia was the highest and guaranteed the ingestion of a greater number of parasitized erythrocytes, which subsequently must result in a higher incidence of infection in the adult ticks [31,35], each dog was infested with 100 naive nymphs in the empty chamber. After ticks were released inside chambers, Elizabethan collars were placed on the dogs to avoid chamber removal.…”

Section: Infestations Of Vaccinated Dogs With Infected and Non Infectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>and <i>Babesia canis</i> transmission among ticks fed together on dogs vaccinated with Bm86 antigen

Rodríguez-Mallón¹,

Bechara²,

Zacarias³

et al. 2013

OJAS

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GAVAC (Heber Biotec S.A, Havana, Cuba) is a commercially available vaccine developed withthe Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 recombinant antigen. Bm86 is a "concealed" antigen that is present in the plasmatic membrane of tick gut epithelial cells with unknown function so far. It is well known that after vaccination in the last fifteen years in Cuba, there was a significant decrease of babesiosis (Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in cattle. A reduced transmission capacity of ticks fed on tick-immune animals and humans has been reported for several tick-borne pathogens. Recent experiments have demonstrated that an anti-tick vaccine may contribute to the control of tick-borne pathogens not only by decreasing the exposure of susceptible hosts to ticks, but also by reducing the vector capacity of ticks. In this study, the potential of Bm86 vaccination to interfere with pathogen transmission among ticks was evaluated by using as experimental model the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the tickborne Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis pathogens. Dogs, vaccinated and not vaccinated, were infested with pathogen-infected ticks and noninfected nymphs of R. sanguineus. After feeding, the pathogen transmission to newly molted adults from co-feeding uninfected nymphs was studied by conventional PCR and qPCR. Results suggest that the anti-Bm86 antibodies could be able to block the transmission of B. canis and/or E. canis from infected to non-infected ticks.Engorged dropped-off naive nymphs were collected and kept in a BOD incubator having a 12 h light: 12 h dark photoperiod, 28˚C and 80% relative humidity, until molt. Ten newly molted naive ticks from each group were analyzed by conventional PCR, as described above,

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Infectivity rate and transmission potential of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks for Babesia equi infection

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Molecular characterisation of Theileria equi and risk factors associated with the occurrence of theileriosis in horses of Punjab (Pakistan)

Molecular characterisation of Theileria equi and risk factors associated with the occurrence of theileriosis in horses of Punjab (Pakistan)

An insight into the ecobiology, vector significance and control of Hyalomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): A review

Inhibition of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>and <i>Babesia canis</i> transmission among ticks fed together on dogs vaccinated with Bm86 antigen

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Infectivity rate and transmission potential of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks for Babesia equi infection

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Molecular characterisation of Theileria equi and risk factors associated with the occurrence of theileriosis in horses of Punjab (Pakistan)

Molecular characterisation of Theileria equi and risk factors associated with the occurrence of theileriosis in horses of Punjab (Pakistan)

An insight into the ecobiology, vector significance and control of Hyalomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): A review

Inhibition of &lt;i&gt;Ehrlichia canis&lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Babesia canis&lt;/i&gt; transmission among ticks fed together on dogs vaccinated with Bm86 antigen

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Inhibition of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i>and <i>Babesia canis</i> transmission among ticks fed together on dogs vaccinated with Bm86 antigen