Inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) complex: anatomy, injuries, imaging features, and treatment options

Passanante, Giovanni J.; Skalski, Matt; Patel, Dakshesh B.; White, Eric A.; Schein, Aaron J.; Gottsegen, Christopher J.; Matcuk, George R.

doi:10.1007/s10140-016-1431-0

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Based on clinical and experimental investigations, the contracture of the aIGHL restricting flexion and internal rotation was confirmed [18]. The aIGHL is the main glenohumeral joint stabilizer [9]. Thus, aIGHL injury is associated with clinically evident instability [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important clinically for AC diagnosis [20]. The normal aIGHL appears as low-signal intensity bands, stretching from the inferior labrum to the humeral neck on MR coronal view [9, 19]. The anterior band is best seen on anterior coronal image through the glenohumeral joint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gondim Teixeira et al demonstrated that changes in signal intensity at the aIGHL are the key parameters in the diagnosis of AC on conventional MRI [3]. Passanante et al insisted that aIGHL injuries are the most important cause of shoulder pain [9]. Michelin et al reported that the aIGHL is thickened in AC patients, and ultrasound enables the measurement of aIGHL thickness in the axilla [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) complex comprises three components supporting the inferior aspect of the shoulder. It consists of an anterior band, a posterior band, and an interposed axillary pouch [9]. The IGHL complex stabilizes the shoulder, and its function depends on the position of the shoulder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IGHL complex stabilizes the shoulder, and its function depends on the position of the shoulder. With the arm in a 90° abduction and external rotation, the anterior band of the IGHL is the main glenohumeral joint stabilizer [9, 10]. An abnormal anterior band of IGHL (aIGHL) is a major finding of AC [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Value of Anterior Band of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament Area as a Morphological Parameter of Adhesive Capsulitis

Bang

Park

Lee

et al. 2019

Pain Research and Management

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Objective. Thickened inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) is considered as one of the major morphological parameters of adhesive capsulitis (AC). Previous studies reported that the anterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament thickness (aIGHLT) is correlated with shoulder capsular contracture, luxatio erecta humeri, and AC. However, the thickness varies from the measured angle. To reduce this measurement error, we devised a new morphological parameter, called the anterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament area (aIGHLA). Methods. The aIGHL samples were collected from 54 patients with AC and from 50 control subjects who underwent shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without any evidence of AC. Coronal T2-weighted MRI images were obtained at the shoulder level from each patient. We measured the aIGHLA and aIGHLT at the maximal view of the IGHL in the coronal plane using our picture archiving and communication system. The aIGHLA was measured at the whole cross-sectional area of the IGHL in the most hypertrophied segment of the coronal MR images. The aIGHLT was measured at the thickest point of the IGHL. Results. The average aIGHLA was 55.58 ± 14.16 mm2 in the control group and 83.71 ± 28.45 mm2 in the AC group. The average aIGHLT was 3.47 ± 0.99 mm in the control group and 4.52 ± 1.02 mm in the AC group. AC patients showed significantly greater aIGHLA (p<0.001) and aIGHLT (p<0.001) than control subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off score of the aIGHLA was 63.37 mm2, with 79.6% sensitivity, 80.0% specificity, and AUC of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76–0.92). The optimal cut-off point of the IGHLT was 3.81 mm, with 74.1% sensitivity, 74.0% specificity, and AUC of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68–0.86). Conclusions. Although the aIGHLA and aIGHLT were both significantly associated with AC, the aIGHLA was a more sensitive diagnostic parameter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Value of Anterior Band of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament Area as a Morphological Parameter of Adhesive Capsulitis

Bang

Park

Lee

et al. 2019

Pain Research and Management

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A cadaveric study of the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament of the shoulder and its dynamic behaviour in different arm positions

Nourissat,

Bastard,

Cammas

et al. 2024

J. exp. orthop.

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PurposeThe inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) is composed of three parts: the anterior branch or band (AB), the axillary pouch and the posterior band (PB). The latter has rarely been studied. We aim to describe the PB of the IGHL and its dynamic behaviour in different arm positions.MethodsTwelve fresh cadaveric shoulders were used and the two bands (AB and PB) of the IGHL were dissected and isolated, taking away all muscle, ligaments and capsule. Characteristics of the bands were studied in five positions: maximum external rotation (ER1), abduction (ABD), internal rotation (IR), ABD external rotation (ER2) and anterior elevation–adduction–IR (Hawkins–Kennedy test position). Progressive and randomized sectioning of the bands and capsule with a scalpel was performed to study its impact on mobility and translation of the glenohumeral joint.ResultsThe bands that tensioned first were in ER1, the AB at 97 ± 9° (80–110); in ER2, the AB at 81 ± 19° (30–100); in IR, the PB at 64 ± 9° (50–80); and in ABD, the PB at 87 ± 10° (70–105). Isolated sectioning of the AB had no effect on ABD, whilst isolated sectioning of the PB allowed greater ABD. In ER2, the AB limited anterior translation. After sectioning the AB, anterior translation remained limited by the PB, which wrapped around the humeral head and locked the joint by pressing the two joint surfaces tightly together. In Hawkins–Kennedy position anterior elevation–adduction–IR, the AB is the first constraint and the posterior translation was limited by the PB alone only in four cases.ConclusionsWhen the IGHL is isolated, ligament limitation of glenohumeral ABD seems to be uniquely dependent on the PB. In the Hawkins and Kennedy position, the AB is the first constraint. In the case of an isolated lesion to the AB, the PB participates in anterior stabilization of the shoulder by wrapping around the humeral head that cannot dislocate. These findings confirm the role of the PB in glenohumeral joint stability.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.

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Biomechanics of Shoulder Instability and Repair

Fritch

Labbé

Courseault

et al. 2021

Orthopaedic Biomechanics in Sports Medicine

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Inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) complex: anatomy, injuries, imaging features, and treatment options

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Value of Anterior Band of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament Area as a Morphological Parameter of Adhesive Capsulitis

Value of Anterior Band of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament Area as a Morphological Parameter of Adhesive Capsulitis

A cadaveric study of the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament of the shoulder and its dynamic behaviour in different arm positions

Biomechanics of Shoulder Instability and Repair

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